Labour Market 
Assistance Outcomes
Year ending December 2006	
This report contains information about placements, commencements and post labour market assistance outcomes achieved for employment services managed by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations.
Main features
Outcomes	
The positive outcomes (employment and/or education/training) rates achieved in the year ending December 2006, three months after leaving assistance were:
•	77% for Job Placement;
•	59% for Intensive Support job search training;
•	54% for Intensive Support customised assistance;
•	59% for Intensive Support;
•	86% for New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS);
•	39% for Work for the Dole;
•	43% for Community Work Placements;
•	65% for Indigenous Employment Programme Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP);
•	69% for Indigenous Employment Programme Wage Assistance;  and
•	59% for Indigenous Employment Centres.	

Job Vacancies	
In the year to end December 2006, 2,237,000 vacancies were notified on the Australian Job Search database, of which over 1,043,000 were lodged by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations (including vacancies lodged through the Internet and Teleservicing).	

Job Placements	
In the year to end December 2006, 644,700 Job Network eligible job seekers were placed into Job Placement vacancies by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations.	

Commencements	
In the year to 31 December 2006, commencements in the various types of labour market assistance included:
•	470,800 in Job Search Support;
•	386,900 in Intensive Support;
•	6,100 in NEIS;
•	6,600 in the STEP and Wage Assistance elements of the Indigenous Employment Programme;
•	4,100 in Indigenous Employment Centres;
•	40,600 in the Personal Support Programme;
•	26,100 in the Disability Employment Network;
•	93,000 in Work for the Dole;  and
•	2,300 in Community Work Placement.	

Income Support	
In the year to end December 2006, the number of job seekers in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by over 14,000 to just under 546,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients (ie on allowances for 12 months or more) decreased by around 9,400 to just over 326,200 while the number of short-term recipients decreased by almost 5,000 to less than 219,500.	

In this issue	
Changes to the Employment Services Market 	Page 4
Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes: year to end December 2006	Page 5
Table 1.1 Post assistance labour market outcomes	Page 5
Table 1.2 Post assistance employment and positive outcomes	Page 6
Table 1.3 Intensive Support 12 month sample outcomes	Page 7
Table 1.4 Intensive Support 24 month sample outcomes	Page 8
Table 1.5 Intensive Support 36 month sample outcomes	Page 9
Table 1.6 Intensive Support combined sample outcomes	Page10
Table 1.7 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 outcomes	Page11
Table 1.8 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 outcomes	Page12
Table 1.9 Intensive Support customised assistance combined outcomes	Page13
Table 1.10 Intensive Support job search training outcomes	Page 14
Table 1.11 Job Placement outcomes	Page 15
Table 1.12 New Enterprise Incentive Scheme outcomes	Page 16
Table 1.13 Work for the Dole outcomes	Page 17
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance 	Page 18
Figure 2.1 Trends in outcomes for employment services 2001–2006	Page 18
Figure 2.2 Welfare to Work, new entrants to benefits over time	Page 19
Figure 2.3 Welfare to Work, allowee numbers over time	Page 19
Figure 2.4 Welfare to Work, duration on benefits	Page 20
Figure 2.5 Welfare to Work, current participation	Page 20
Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance: year to end December 2006	Page 21
Table 3.1 Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years	Page 21
Table 3.2 Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics	Page 22
Table 3.3 AJS Vacancies and Job Placements by industry and ASCO codes	Page 23
Table 3.4 Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics	Page 24
Table 3.5 Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics	Page 25
Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region: year to end December 2006	Page 26
Table 4.1 Commencements in labour market assistance by region	Page 26
Table 4.2 Commencements in labour market assistance by region (proportion)	Page 27
Table 4.3 Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes	Page 28
Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients	Page 29
Figure 5.1 Number of income support recipients	Page 29
Figure 5.2 Three and six month off-benefit status of job seekers following assistance	Page 30
Section 6: Participation in new DEWR programmes    	Page 31
Figure 6.1 Participation in the Disability Employment Network	Page 31
Figure 6.2 Outcomes from the Disability Employment Network by disability type	Page 32
Figure 6.3 Longitudinal outcomes from the Disability Employment Network 	Page 32
Figure 6.4 Share of disabilities in Employment Assistance	Page 33
Figure 6.5 Share of disabilities in Maintenance	Page 33
Figure 6.6 Participation in Vocational Rehabilitation Services	Page 34
Figure 6.7 Employment outcomes from Vocational Rehabilitation Services by disability type	Page 34
Figure 6.8 Share of physical disabilities in Vocational Rehabilitation Services	Page 35
Figure 6.9 Share of mental disabilities in Vocational Rehabilitation Services	Page 35
Figure 6.10 Participation in the Personal Support Programme	Page 36
Figure 6.11 Barriers faced in the Personal Support Programme	Page 36
Figure 6.12 Off benefit outcomes from the Personal Support Programme by unemployment duration	Page 37
Technical Notes	Page 38

Time periods used in this report	
The Department’s Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) Survey measures outcomes achieved by job seekers three months after they exit labour market assistance.  This report contains outcomes data for job seekers who exited assistance in the 12 months to 30 September 2006 and their post assistance outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
Intensive Support post assistance outcomes should not be confused with paid interim or paid final outcomes.  Post assistance outcomes are all employment and education outcomes while paid outcomes relate to a subset of employment and education outcomes where Job Network members receive payment for outcomes. 
Commencement and placement data, derived from DEWR and Centrelink administrative systems, relate to job seekers who were placed in a job or commenced labour market assistance between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2006 and 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2005.  	
	
More information……	
For further information, please contact Michael Cameron (02) 6121 7240 or e-mail sarah.crooks@dewr.gov.au.

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Department of Employment and Workplace Relations 
http://www.workplace.gov.au/	

Changes to the Employment Services Market

The Active Participation Model
On 1 July 2003, significant changes were introduced to the employment services market.  The Active Participation Model (announced in the 2002–03 Budget) provides on-going customised service to job seekers and has a number of innovative features, such as a Job Seeker Account to fund preparation of job seekers for work. 
Participation in the Active Participation Model
On registration with Centrelink, each eligible job seeker is referred to a single Job Network member who will provide services to them while they remain eligible for assistance or get a job.  This includes ongoing assistance during the early stages of a job seekers new job.  Two services are delivered by all Job Network members under the Active Participation Model:
Job Search Support; and
Intensive Support.
Job Search Support services are available to all eligible job seekers immediately upon registration by Centrelink or a Job Network member and continue until the job seeker leaves employment services.  On first contact with their Job Network member, job seekers have their vocational profile entered into the JobSearch database for daily matching against new job vacancies.  Job seekers also have access to a range of other job search facilities such as touchscreens, computers and faxes as well as assistance in the preparation of job applications.
If an eligible job seeker has not found work within the first three months of Job Search Support, their Job Network member will arrange for them to participate in Intensive Support.  Job search training is the first element of Intensive Support.  It assists job seekers to obtain employment through individually tailored assistance that is designed to improve their job search skills, confidence and expand their job search networks.
After six months of unemployment (and periodically thereafter), most activity-tested job seekers will be required to fulfil a Mutual Obligation requirement.  During these periods, job seekers will remain in Intensive Support and it will be the responsibility of their Job Network member to ensure that they continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job seekers who have been unemployed for at least 12 months or are identified by Centrelink as being highly disadvantaged at registration will receive Intensive Support customised assistance.  Over a six month period this service provides customised assistance to address individual barriers to employment and tailor the job seeker’s efforts in looking for work.  In Intensive Support customised assistance, a job seeker’s Job Network member will have up to $1,350 credited to their Job Seeker Account for the purchase of services and products to assist them to find employment.
Results for Active Participation Model assistance
Results for the employment services provided under the Active Participation Model have progressively become available.  Reliable outcomes estimates cannot be produced until a sufficient number of clients have received assistance and subsequently been surveyed.  Results for Job Placement and Intensive Support job search training have been published onwards from the June 2004 edition Labour Market Assistance Outcomes.  Intensive Support customised assistance outcome results have been published in reports from September 2004 with outcomes for the Intensive Support stream of assistance reported since the December 2004 edition of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes.  
Outcomes for programmes such as Disability Employment Network, Vocational Rehabilitation Services, Community Development Employment Project scheme and the Personal Support Programme, are expected to be reported on over the next year as sufficient data becomes available. 

In this report….

Section 2 of this report contains a brief analysis of changes since the Welfare to Work initiative was introduced in July 2006.  Additionally, section 6 of this report contains a brief analysis of the Disability Employment Network, Vocational Rehabilitation Services and the Personal Support Programme. 
Outcomes for Intensive Support customised assistance are now broken up into placement 1 and placement 2.

Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes

Post assistance labour market outcomes
Table 1.1 shows labour market outcomes and further assistance levels of all job seekers three months after leaving the various types of employment assistance.  
Employment outcomes for the suite of Job Network assistance remains strong.  
Job seekers are categorised as employed, unemployed, not in the labour force or in further assistance.
In editions of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes pre-June 2004, employment, unemployment, not in 

the labour force and further assistance outcomes were recorded as being mutually exclusive outcomes (ie. they added up to 100%).
As jobseekers are continuously in assistance under the Active Participation Model, clients in further assistance are surveyed and their responses are used to determine their labour market status. 
Care should also be taken when comparing outcomes for current services with labour market programmes operating prior to the introduction of Job Network.  The Technical Notes at the end of this report discuss these issues further. 

Table 1.1: Post assistance1 labour market outcomes year to end December 2006

Labour market assistance	
Employed
(%)	
Unemployed
(%)	Not in the Labour Force
(%)	Further Assistance2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	73.3	22.2	4.5	na	95,755	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	69.5	25.8	4.7	na	56,853	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	79.0	16.8	4.2	na	38,902	
Intensive Support	51.4	38.4	10.2	4.9	409,013	
Intensive Support 12 months sample3	51.8	37.7	10.5	12.7	159,707	
Intensive Support 24 months sample4	52.6	35.5	11.9	2.9	123,842	
Intensive Support 36 months sample5	50.8	40.7	8.5	2.7	125,464	
Intensive Support job search training	49.8	43.1	7.2	3.7	139,060	
Intensive Support customised assistance	44.2	43.7	12.1	14.8	282,572	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	46.3	40.3	13.4	13.0	197,266	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	39.6	50.7	9.7	19.0	85,306	
NEIS	83.7	11.0	5.3	2.1	6,262	
Work for the Dole	30.1	60.0	10.0	34.2	95,093	
Community Work	32.0	56.2	11.8	31.7	3,560	
IEP – STEP	55.2	36.0	8.8	17.5	3,837	
IEP - Wage Assistance	66.3	28.9	4.8	25.8	2,676	
Indigenous Employment Centres	51.3	41.5	7.2	38.8	3,660	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP) Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance or Indigenous Employment Centres or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Further assistance includes commencements in DEWR funded labour market assistance.  Job seekers who do not achieve an employment outcome are treated as either unemployed or not in the labour force. 
3.	The Intensive Support 12 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
4.	The Intensive Support 24 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2003 and 30 September 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
5.    The Intensive Support 36 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2003 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 36 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Post assistance employment and positive outcomes
Table 1.2 shows job seekers’ shares of full-time and part-time employment, education/training and positive outcomes three months after leaving different types of labour market assistance.
Education and training outcomes include job seekers who are studying at a secondary school or college, TAFE, business college or university three months 
after ceasing labour market assistance. 
Outcomes for STEP and WA were particularly strong for the December 2006 quarter with positive outcomes up by one percentage point for STEP and two percentage points for WA from the previous quarter.  
Outcomes for all other programmes are relatively unchanged from last quarter. 

Table 1.2: Post assistance1 employment and positive outcomes year to end December 2006

Labour market assistance	Full-time Employed
(%)	Part-time Employed
(%)	Total
Employed
(%)	Education & Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	46.9	26.5	73.3	12.5	77.1	95,755	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	42.6	26.9	69.5	12.3	73.6	56,853	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	53.3	25.8	79.0	12.8	82.3	38,902	
Intensive Support	20.9	30.6	51.4	12.0	59.4	409,013	
Intensive Support 12 months sample3	18.7	33.2	51.8	13.6	61.1	159,707	
Intensive Support 24 months sample4	20.9	31.8	52.6	13.4	58.9	123,842	
Intensive Support 36 months sample5	21.6	29.2	50.8	8.9	58.3	125,464	
Intensive Support job search training	22.9	26.8	49.8	14.7	59.1	139,060	
Intensive Support customised assistance	16.1	28.1	44.2	12.4	53.8	282,572	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	18.3	28.0	46.3	13.0	56.3	197,266	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	11.4	28.2	39.6	11.2	48.3	85,306	
NEIS	49.1	34.6	83.7	9.4	86.0	6,262	
Work for the Dole	13.4	16.7	30.1	11.0	38.7	95,093	
Community Work	9.2	22.8	32.0	14.6	42.9	3,560	
IEP - STEP	38.9	16.2	55.2	24.1	64.6	3,837	
IEP - Wage Assistance	47.1	19.2	66.3	21.7	69.2	2,676	
Indigenous Employment Centres	37.2	14.1	51.3	20.5	59.2	3,660	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Transition to Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP), Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance or Indigenous Employment Centres or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education outcome.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	The Intensive Support 12 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
4.	The Intensive Support 24 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2003 and 30 September 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
5.    The Intensive Support 36 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2003 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 36 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.3 reports the outcomes for the 12 month Intensive Support population.  These job seekers commenced assistance between 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005 and became in-scope for survey between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Outcomes for the Intensive Support 12 month cohort overall are around those achieved in the September 2006 quarter.  
Overall, almost 61 per cent of clients who enter Intensive Support have a positive outcome within 12 months of commencing.  

Table 1.3: Intensive Support 12 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	20.4	30.6	51.0	18.3	61.9	41,213	
21 to 24	26.8	27.4	54.2	16.5	63.6	23,315	
25 to 34	22.1	32.9	55.1	12.0	62.9	34,335	
35 to 49	19.3	30.5	49.8	13.7	59.7	41,560	
50 or more	14.1	29.0	43.1	11.9	52.5	19,284	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	21.5	33.1	54.6	13.9	63.9	83,223	
6 to less than 12	16.5	30.8	47.3	14.8	55.9	11,308	
12 to less than 24	15.9	26.2	42.1	13.6	53.2	12,661	
24 to less than 36	13.1	30.3	43.4	12.3	52.7	7,955	
36 or more	11.8	29.1	40.9	12.2	50.5	28,935	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	12.5	22.9	35.5	12.5	46.2	28,586	
Year 10 or 11	15.7	31.6	47.3	11.1	54.7	49,949	
Year 12	23.4	30.5	53.9	18.7	65.4	26,918	
Post Secondary	23.3	37.1	60.4	14.8	69.8	49,221	
Unknown	20.0	26.0	45.9	11.4	55.6	5,033	
Gender							
Males	21.8	28.4	50.2	11.4	58.5	88,458	
Females	15.5	38.3	53.8	15.8	64.0	71,249	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	11.5	27.1	38.7	12.2	47.9	15,097	
Indigenous	17.3	17.3	34.7	10.6	44.1	19,907	
CALD5	19.4	24.1	43.5	22.2	60.9	22,472	
Sole Parents	14.5	37.7	52.3	13.8	62.0	19,552	
Total	18.7	33.2	51.8	13.6	61.1	159,707	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2004 and 30 September 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.4 reports the outcomes for the 24 month Intensive Support population.  These job seekers commenced assistance between 1 October 2003 and 30 September 2004 and became in-scope for survey between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Encouragingly, almost 53 per cent of those who have been in Intensive Support for more than 12 months were able to find some form of employment within 24 months.  This highlights the benefits of the on-going assistance available through Intensive Support.

Table 1.4: Intensive Support 24 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	30.1	25.3	55.3	19.3	62.2	26,401	
21 to 24	22.1	25.4	47.5	16.5	60.1	19,147	
25 to 34	31.4	20.9	52.3	7.9	58.3	28,091	
35 to 49	9.1	36.0	45.1	16.7	51.4	33,907	
50 or more	16.6	39.9	56.5	7.4	62.2	16,296	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	17.3	43.9	61.2	21.4	67.2	71,084	
6 to less than 12	11.8	30.2	42.1	7.2	47.0	8,548	
12 to less than 24	8.7	17.9	26.6	8.8	33.8	9,402	
24 to less than 36	37.6	14.5	52.1	7.7	57.6	6,280	
36 or more	6.6	25.4	32.0	12.7	42.1	18,410	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	29.8	15.8	45.6	8.8	53.1	19,366	
Year 10 or 11	20.9	23.6	44.5	11.6	49.1	36,964	
Year 12	30.9	38.0	68.9	31.2	76.2	21,689	
Post Secondary	13.9	57.9	71.8	8.1	77.7	37,575	
Unknown	11.3	32.3	43.6	12.9	51.0	8,248	
Gender							
Males	24.4	24.5	48.9	10.4	54.1	76,022	
Females	15.6	43.1	58.8	17.8	66.2	47,819	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	7.9	24.4	32.3	7.1	38.2	10,238	
Indigenous	10.1	16.7	26.8	8.9	33.0	11,736	
CALD5	41.0	17.0	58.0	14.3	70.0	19,694	
Sole Parents	14.9	38.6	53.5	17.1	63.4	7,758	
Total	20.9	31.8	52.6	13.4	58.9	123,842	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 October 2003 and 30 September 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Intensive Support
Table 1.5 reports the outcomes for the 36 month Intensive Support population.  These job seekers commenced assistance between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2003 and became in-scope for survey between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Encouragingly, around 51 per cent of those who have been in Intensive Support for more than 24 months were able to find some form of employment within 36 months.  This highlights the benefits of the on-going assistance available through Intensive Support. 

Table 1.5: Intensive Support 36 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	31.6	32.9	64.5	7.6	69.4	17,519	
21 to 24	19.7	26.1	45.8	9.4	53.0	17,157	
25 to 34	9.8	40.6	50.4	17.1	66.2	28,365	
35 to 49	18.4	24.5	42.9	10.8	52.1	40,576	
50 or more	19.8	27.6	47.3	4.3	50.6	21,847	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	29.8	36.1	65.9	5.1	70.0	36,920	
6 to less than 12	8.4	36.2	44.6	24.0	67.8	12,809	
12 to less than 24	40.5	17.7	58.2	5.1	62.1	18,830	
24 to less than 36	20.2	26.6	46.7	6.4	50.9	11,991	
36 or more	15.0	23.8	38.8	10.1	47.2	40,165	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	16.5	51.0	67.5	2.9	70.0	10,627	
Year 10 or 11	35.2	39.1	74.3	3.8	76.9	23,014	
Year 12	11.0	14.4	25.4	60.0	82.7	12,438	
Post Secondary	40.8	22.4	63.2	21.5	83.9	15,197	
Unknown	12.4	24.3	36.7	7.5	42.6	64,188	
Gender							
Males	24.3	23.5	47.8	6.9	53.7	87,233	
Females	14.4	43.0	57.5	13.5	68.7	38,231	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	11.0	21.2	32.2	9.2	39.8	12,727	
Indigenous	11.7	13.9	25.5	8.0	32.7	7,497	
CALD5	13.8	25.0	38.8	23.2	60.5	20,108	
Sole Parents	11.6	33.7	45.3	9.6	51.7	5,065	
Total	21.6	29.2	50.8	8.9	58.3	125,464	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2003 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 36 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Intensive Support
Table 1.6 reports the post assistance outcomes achieved for both the 12, 24 and 36 month in-scope population for Intensive Support.  Detailed information about the 12, 24 and 36 months samples are provided in the previous two tables.  
Overall Intensive Support positive outcomes are around 59 per cent for exits during the year ending September 2006 and outcomes achieved by December 2006.
Outcomes for sole parents are particularly encouraging with 58 per cent in some kind of employment three months following assistance.  

Table 1.6: Intensive Support Combined samples: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	25.8	28.9	54.8	16.8	63.2	85,133	
21 to 24	23.8	26.4	50.1	14.7	59.8	59,619	
25 to 34	19.8	33.2	53.0	12.3	62.8	90,791	
35 to 49	16.7	29.4	46.1	13.3	55.0	116,043	
50 or more	18.5	31.0	49.5	7.5	55.4	57,427	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	23.6	36.5	60.0	13.4	67.1	191,227	
6 to less than 12	12.0	32.8	44.8	15.4	57.4	32,665	
12 to less than 24	18.3	19.9	38.2	8.1	44.6	40,893	
24 to less than 36	19.7	27.7	47.4	8.3	53.2	26,226	
36 or more	13.8	25.9	39.8	11.4	49.2	87,510	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	18.3	27.7	46.1	9.2	53.9	58,579	
Year 10 or 11	21.6	29.5	51.1	10.0	56.6	109,927	
Year 12	24.9	31.2	56.1	32.4	74.1	61,045	
Post Secondary	24.2	39.4	63.6	14.7	74.8	101,993	
Unknown	12.5	25.4	37.9	8.3	44.2	77,469	
Gender							
Males	24.3	24.2	48.5	9.4	55.2	251,713	
Females	15.5	40.6	56.1	15.8	66.1	157,299	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	10.5	24.7	35.2	9.9	43.0	38,062	
Indigenous	14.4	16.5	30.8	9.6	38.9	39,140	
CALD5	23.3	22.1	45.3	21.9	64.4	62,274	
Sole Parents	12.4	45.7	58.1	12.1	66.2	32,375	
Total	20.9	30.6	51.4	12.0	59.4	409,013	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  The commencement period is limited to ensure that only those participants that could have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support are included in the in-scope sample.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.7 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left their first placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca1) between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Around 56 per cent of ISca1 participants were employed and/or in education/training 3 months following assistance.   

Table 1.7: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	21.2	32.5	53.7	11.5	61.8	92,507	
Highly disadvantaged4	15.7	24.0	39.8	14.4	51.5	104,759	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	20.8	26.2	47.0	15.2	58.4	42,290	
21 to 24	21.7	28.9	50.6	16.5	62.2	24,135	
25 to 34	20.4	26.6	46.9	13.5	56.9	42,325	
35 to 49	17.8	29.1	46.9	13.4	57.5	59,060	
50 or more	13.2	29.6	42.8	9.7	50.5	29,456	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	20.3	25.4	45.7	13.3	56.1	54,678	
6 to less than 12	20.1	32.2	52.3	13.1	61.7	35,888	
12 to less than 24	18.2	29.1	47.3	12.6	57.0	38,574	
24 to less than 36	16.1	26.5	42.6	13.9	54.1	11,707	
36 or more	13.1	26.4	39.4	13.3	50.0	44,703	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	13.9	21.4	35.3	12.6	46.3	48,314	
Year 10 or 11	17.7	27.8	45.5	10.7	53.8	65,847	
Year 12	21.0	31.3	52.3	16.2	64.3	28,400	
Post Secondary	21.0	32.2	53.1	14.1	63.1	53,009	
Unknown	28.5	27.4	55.8	14.2	67.5	1,696	
Gender							
Males	20.9	24.0	44.9	10.2	53.0	108,468	
Females	15.6	32.5	48.1	15.9	60.0	88,797	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	13.4	26.2	39.6	10.8	48.1	30,197	
Indigenous	16.6	18.8	35.3	10.4	43.4	35,616	
CALD6	17.4	23.7	41.1	21.1	59.0	32,401	
Sole Parents	18.0	31.7	49.6	15.4	61.1	30,691	
Total	18.3	28.0	46.3	13.0	56.3	197,266	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.8 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the second placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca2) between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.
Outcomes were somewhat lower for those completing their second phase of ISca with a positive outcomes rate of 48 per cent, reflecting their relative disadvantage compared to the ISca1 clients. 

Table 1.8: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	13.8	31.6	45.4	10.4	53.1	45,027	
Highly disadvantaged4	8.6	24.5	33.1	12.0	43.0	40,279	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	13.5	26.8	40.3	11.4	48.7	10,322	
21 to 24	14.5	26.5	41.1	13.8	51.3	11,016	
25 to 34	14.7	26.3	41.0	12.6	50.5	17,351	
35 to 49	11.2	30.4	41.6	12.7	51.4	26,052	
50 or more	8.2	28.0	36.2	8.9	43.4	20,565	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	17.2	29.5	46.7	7.2	52.2	3,645	
6 to less than 12	17.0	26.9	43.9	12.1	53.8	2,183	
12 to less than 24	11.9	28.9	40.8	13.1	51.1	17,167	
24 to less than 36	14.4	29.3	43.7	12.1	52.6	18,040	
36 or more	9.1	27.4	36.6	10.4	44.8	42,822	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	9.1	22.8	31.8	9.7	40.0	22,774	
Year 10 or 11	11.5	28.8	40.3	8.9	47.3	30,052	
Year 12	12.5	30.6	43.0	14.6	54.3	11,030	
Post Secondary	13.0	31.7	44.7	13.5	54.8	20,908	
Unknown	10.5	32.4	42.9	18.4	54.6	542	
Gender							
Males	12.4	23.4	35.9	9.0	43.2	53,731	
Females	9.6	36.1	45.7	14.6	56.6	31,575	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	7.6	24.3	31.9	10.7	40.8	11,813	
Indigenous	10.4	17.6	28.0	9.3	35.5	12,767	
CALD6	10.2	25.9	36.1	18.3	51.3	14,218	
Sole Parents	12.5	38.7	51.2	15.0	61.8	6,925	
Total	11.4	28.2	39.6	11.2	48.3	85,306	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.9 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.
Positive outcomes for Intensive Support customised assistance overall were around 54%, broadly similar to those achieved in the September 2006 quarter. 

Table 1.9: Intensive Support customised assistance combined: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	18.7	32.3	50.9	11.1	58.9	137,534	
Highly disadvantaged4	13.6	24.2	37.8	13.6	48.9	145,038	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	19.4	26.3	45.7	14.5	56.5	52,612	
21 to 24	19.4	28.1	47.5	15.6	58.8	35,151	
25 to 34	18.7	26.5	45.1	13.2	55.0	59,676	
35 to 49	15.7	29.5	45.2	13.2	55.6	85,111	
50 or more	11.1	29.0	40.1	9.3	47.6	50,022	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	20.1	25.6	45.7	13.0	55.8	58,323	
6 to less than 12	19.9	31.9	51.8	13.0	61.3	38,071	
12 to less than 24	16.2	29.0	45.2	12.7	55.1	55,741	
24 to less than 36	15.1	28.2	43.3	12.8	53.2	29,747	
36 or more	11.1	27.0	38.1	11.8	47.5	87,526	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	12.3	21.9	34.1	11.5	44.1	71,088	
Year 10 or 11	15.6	28.2	43.8	10.1	51.7	95,899	
Year 12	18.6	31.1	49.7	15.7	61.4	39,430	
Post Secondary	18.6	32.1	50.7	13.9	60.6	73,920	
Unknown	24.8	28.9	53.7	14.8	64.5	2,235	
Gender							
Males	17.9	23.9	41.8	9.7	49.6	162,197	
Females	13.9	33.5	47.5	15.5	59.1	120,374	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	11.7	25.6	37.4	10.7	45.9	42,011	
Indigenous	14.9	18.4	33.3	10.1	41.2	48,383	
CALD6	15.1	24.4	39.5	20.2	56.5	46,618	
Sole Parents	16.9	33.0	49.9	15.3	61.2	37,616	
Total	16.1	28.1	44.2	12.4	53.8	282,572	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
31 December 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support job search training
Table 1.10 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support job search training between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Post assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training participants by duration on allowance are not provided because almost all job seekers will access job search training immediately on their entry to the Intensive Support stream of assistance – which usually occurs at the three month mark of unemployment. 
Post-assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training remain strong with positive outcome levels around 59 per cent.   

Table 1.10: Intensive Support job search training: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	22.2	28.1	50.3	21.5	63.8	35,542	
21 to 24	29.0	28.5	57.5	17.7	67.0	28,058	
25 to 34	26.3	25.6	51.9	13.2	60.5	30,803	
35 to 49	20.5	27.4	47.8	12.0	56.2	30,052	
50 or more	18.9	25.0	43.9	8.1	49.5	14,605	
Educational attainment						 	
Less than Year 10	17.1	23.0	40.1	10.0	47.8	13,941	
Year 10 or 11	20.5	25.2	45.6	11.3	53.7	42,362	
Year 12	23.6	29.4	53.0	19.2	64.0	34,622	
Post Secondary	26.1	27.5	53.6	15.6	63.2	47,764	
Unknown	7.8	21.0	28.9	23.4	48.6	371	
Gender							
Males	26.6	21.4	48.1	12.3	56.4	81,933	
Females	18.7	33.5	52.2	17.5	62.8	57,127	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	16.9	23.6	40.6	11.9	49.0	4,347	
Indigenous	24.8	19.9	44.6	12.3	51.8	3,414	
CALD4	20.4	23.3	43.7	19.1	57.7	21,441	
Sole Parents	11.8	34.4	46.1	15.2	56.6	8,812	
Total	22.9	26.8	49.8	14.7	59.1	139,060	

1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support job search training placements between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Job Placement
Table 1.11 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who were placed into work through a Job Placement outcome between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Post-assistance outcomes for Job Placement have sustained their high levels, with over three-quarters of participants in employment and/or education three months after their original job placement.  Outcomes were slightly higher than the previous quarter. 

Table 1.11: Job Placements: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	50.0	22.3	72.2	23.7	78.5	26,224	
21 to 24	48.4	24.0	72.4	13.8	76.3	15,049	
25 to 34	46.2	26.9	73.2	10.7	76.5	23,697	
35 to 49	45.3	30.0	75.3	7.3	78.1	23,076	
50 or more	43.9	28.0	72.0	4.3	73.6	7,709	
Duration on income support (months) 3		
0 to less than 6	47.6	25.1	72.7	13.6	76.9	31,943	
6 to less than 12	40.9	28.8	69.7	10.7	72.9	9,427	
12 to less than 24	34.1	30.3	64.4	12.1	68.9	7,357	
24 to less than 36	35.0	28.7	63.7	9.1	67.4	3,602	
36 or more	25.5	30.4	55.9	8.7	60.4	4,524	
Educational attainment 3							
Less than Year 10	34.9	25.1	60.1	9.5	65.1	7,425	
Year 10 or 11	41.6	25.6	67.2	8.7	70.6	20,422	
Year 12	48.7	26.9	75.5	18.4	80.2	13,044	
Post Secondary	42.6	29.2	71.8	12.1	75.3	14,901	
Unknown	34.0	28.5	62.5	23.6	73.1	1,061	
Gender							
Males	53.3	18.1	71.4	10.6	74.7	60,905	
Females	38.0	38.0	76.0	15.3	80.4	34,850	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	29.9	31.1	61.0	10.7	65.3	5,548	
Indigenous	37.4	18.2	55.6	13.6	60.1	2,991	
CALD4	38.4	29.4	67.8	15.8	75.5	5,340	
Sole Parents	24.1	47.2	71.4	10.9	75.5	4,551	
Job Network eligible (FJNE) 5	42.6	26.9	69.5	12.3	73.6	56,853	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO) 6	53.3	25.8	79.0	12.8	82.3	38,902	
Total	46.9	26.5	73.3	12.5	77.1	95,755	
1.	Job seekers who were placed in a Job Network eligible job between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
31 December 2006.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in. Outcomes estimates are based on a 25% sample of job seekers.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Outcomes refer to Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers only as educational attainment and equity group details are not recorded for Job Search Support Only (JSSO) and JSSO job seekers are not on income support.  Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
5.	Includes Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers who may be eligible for other Job Network services.
6.	Includes Job Search Support Only (JSSO) job seekers who are only eligible for Job Search Support services.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

New Enterprise Incentive Scheme
Table 1.12 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS) between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 31 December 2006.  
Traditionally NEIS has always experienced higher outcomes compared to other types of labour market assistance.  This is due in part to the careful selection of viable businesses by NEIS providers prior to the commencement in assistance, as well as the characteristics of job seekers involved.
Post-assistance outcomes for NEIS continue to remain strong and well above stated targets.  Unlike some of the other programmes there is not the divergence in outcomes achieved among the different client types.    

Table 1.12: New Enterprise Incentive Scheme: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes3
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	Self Employed2
(%)	
Employed
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	na	na	na	na	na	na	
21 to 24	67.1	17.3	84.4	13.9	90.1	583	
25 to 34	72.1	14.6	86.6	10.6	89.0	2,009	
35 to 49	71.1	13.7	84.8	8.6	86.6	2,501	
50 or more	64.7	13.4	78.1	7.0	79.4	1,043	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	73.2	14.9	88.1	9.2	89.6	2,884	
6 to less than 12	70.7	12.7	83.4	10.0	86.8	1,145	
12 to less than 24	63.9	16.4	80.2	12.2	85.1	820	
24 to less than 36	66.9	9.9	76.8	8.1	81.1	367	
36 or more	63.2	13.2	76.4	9.0	78.1	968	
Educational attainment							
Less than Year 10	59.5	11.0	70.5	6.4	73.1	263	
Year 10 or 11	66.7	13.1	79.9	5.2	81.8	932	
Year 12	66.7	15.1	81.7	10.9	84.7	964	
Post Secondary	71.4	14.7	86.1	10.6	88.6	3,803	
Unknown	72.9	9.4	82.3	4.7	82.9	300	
Gender							
Males	69.7	13.9	83.7	8.1	85.8	3,391	
Females	69.2	14.4	83.6	10.8	86.2	2,871	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	61.8	13.8	75.6	9.1	80.8	571	
Indigenous	na	na	na	na	na	na	
CALD5	68.3	14.0	82.3	9.5	83.9	983	
Sole Parents	67.7	15.6	83.4	13.3	87.9	521	
Total	69.6	14.1	83.7	9.4	86.0	6,262	
1.	Job seekers who left NEIS placements between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
31 December 2006.
2.	Includes a small proportion of participants who are self employed but in a business not set up under NEIS. 
3.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
na.        Not available as the estimate is based on a small number of known outcomes.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.  

Work for the Dole
The Work for the Dole (WfD) Programme aims to develop the work habits of participants through involving them in quality projects that are of value to the community.  Employment outcomes are not part of the programme’s immediate objectives but are included here as they demonstrate the success of work experience and increased job search activity.  
Outcomes relate to WfD participants referred to Community Work Coordinators (CWC).  
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up 
to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of projects with different CWC’s before completing their placement.  For the purposes of PPM, job seekers are surveyed whenever they have a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months since their last CWC placement in a 12 month period.  
It should be noted that outcomes levels may change under the APM from pre-APM levels due to changes in the PPM survey methodology.  See the technical notes for more information.

Table 1.13: Work for the Dole: Post assistance outcomes year to end December 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	14.3	18.3	32.5	14.9	43.8	14,075	
21 to 24	17.1	18.8	35.9	13.4	45.7	20,076	
25 to 34	14.7	16.9	31.6	11.2	40.7	26,914	
35 to 49	11.9	15.6	27.4	9.3	34.9	31,580	
50 or more	5.2	16.2	21.4	9.9	28.5	2,448	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	21.7	19.6	41.3	12.9	51.1	12,115	
6 to less than 12	21.0	18.7	39.6	13.9	49.9	18,412	
12 to less than 24	13.4	17.7	31.1	13.4	42.2	14,366	
24 to less than 36	12.7	17.6	30.3	12.8	39.9	12,104	
36 or more	8.0	14.5	22.6	8.2	29.2	37,769	
Educational attainment 3							
Less than Year 10	9.1	12.6	21.7	7.5	28.0	18,551	
Year 10 or 11	12.5	15.5	28.0	7.4	33.8	34,415	
Year 12	15.2	19.2	34.3	15.7	46.3	15,845	
Post Secondary	16.1	19.6	35.7	14.4	46.7	25,789	
Unknown	3.8	10.8	14.5	12.4	25.5	493	
Gender							
Males	15.1	13.6	28.7	8.8	35.7	66,984	
Females	10.3	22.9	33.2	15.3	44.8	28,109	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	9.7	14.5	24.2	6.5	29.7	8,874	
Indigenous	9.6	10.2	19.8	7.2	25.5	7,500	
CALD4	13.8	16.3	30.2	15.0	42.9	12,417	
Sole Parents	6.2	22.5	28.7	19.3	44.4	2,668	
Total	13.4	16.7	30.1	11.0	38.7	95,093	
1.	Job seekers who left a Work for the Dole project between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance

An important measure of the effectiveness of employment assistance includes the longer-term trends in outcomes.  It provides an assessment of whether over the period of operation of an intervention the service providers have developed effective servicing strategies.
These outcomes can be influenced by a range of exogenous factors such as the strength of the labour market, the distribution of available jobs and the position of the economy within the economic cycle.
Similarly it would be expected that in the period following the introduction of a new intervention, outcomes will increase at a faster rate than interventions that have been in place for a longer period of time, as effective servicing strategies are developed.  
Figure 2.1, provides positive outcome results for the main employment services provided over the last five years (from March 2001).  For those interventions superseded by Active Participation Model assistance, the services they superseded are also included.  There is a break in the series of between three and five quarter during the transition from ESC2 to ESC3 for these interventions.  This was due to the fact that there were insufficient PPM survey responses to provide for robust outcome estimates.
It can be seen that outcomes for the suite of Job Network and Work for the Dole services have generally continued to trend up from the outcomes achieved under ESC2.  
Some of the growth can be attributed to changes to the methodology used for the Post Programme Monitoring survey.  See the technical notes at the end of this report for further information. 

Figure 2.1:  has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.  Positive outcomes for: Job Matching/Job Placement (JM/JP); Job Search Training/Intensive Support job search training (JST/ISjst); Intensive Assistance/Intensive Support customised assistance (IA/ISca); New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS); and Work for the Dole (WfD) for Post Programme Monitoring outcomes from March 2001 to December 2006.  Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.

Income Support Recipients

While it is still very early in terms of analysing the effectiveness of the Welfare to Work initiatives, some encouraging signs can be seen.  Figure 2.2 shows that the number of new entrants to Parenting Payments has declined substantially, while the 

number of new entrants to Disability Support Pension (DSP) has also declined. 

The falls in new entrants are starting to have an impact on the overall number of allowees.  As can be seen in Figure 2.3, small falls are apparent in the number of beneficiaries receiving Parenting Payments and DSP recipient numbers have flattened out.       

Figure 2.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

* New entrants: measured by month if off all benefits for the previous three months and if of working age.
Figure 2.3:  has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

* Stock of working age recipients measured by month, excluding CDEP and suspended payments.

The reason that the large falls in new entrants takes so long to filter through to a fall in the overall number of people on benefits is related to the long periods that recipients can stay on benefit.  While a limited number of recipients move between different benefit types, Figure 2.4 shows that DSP and Parenting payment recipients tend to have been on benefits for long periods.  Over 80 per cent of beneficiaries in receipt of DSP, for example, have been on benefits for more than 3 years.

Significantly, one of the key reasons for the long durations on benefits for DSP and Parenting Payment recipients is the low levels of activation among these recipients.  Figure 2.5 shows that most clients on DSP and parenting payments are not engaged in the labour market.

Figure 2.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

*Stock of working age recipients as of 31 December 2006

Figure 2.5: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

*Stock of working age recipients as of 31 December 2006.

Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance

Type of labour market assistance
Table 3.1 shows the commencements in employment assistance for the year to end December 2005 and the year to end December 2006.  
It is evident that commencements in Job Network (Job Search Support and Intensive Support) have fallen on that achieved in the year to December 2005.  This reflects the general strength of the labour market as evidenced by the fall of Newstart Allowance and Youth Allowance (other) job seekers outlined on page 1 (also see page 29). 

Table 3.1: Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years1
	Year to end December 2005	Year to end December 2006	
Labour market assistance	Commencements
(number)	Commencements
(number)	
Job Search Support2	510,766	470,828	
Intensive Support3	371,453	386,904	
	job search training	123,638	119,251	
	first customised assistance (ISca1)	208,522	177,133	
	second customised assistance (ISca2)	90,409	77,573	
Job Placement	657,024	644,749	
NEIS	6,345	6,148	
Work for the Dole	84,946	93,027	
Community Work Placements	3,568	2,290	
IEP – STEP	3,144	4,069	
IEP - Wage Assistance	2,725	2,565	
Disability Employment Network	na	26,101	
Indigenous Employment Centres	2,968	4,074	
Personal Support Programme	25,885	40,5544	
1.	Commencement or placement of job seekers in labour market assistance funded by DEWR for the two years of 1 January 2005 to 
31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006.  
2.	Job seekers with a registered Vocational Profile in the year up to 31 December 2006.  
3.	Job seekers who commenced any phase of assistance within the Intensive Support stream.
4.	Includes around 4,500 transition clients.  

na 	not available.
 
Source: DEWR administrative systems

Participation in Job Network assistance
Access to services and programmes by job seekers with different characteristics will depend on their eligibility and on their assessed capacity to benefit from the assistance provided.
Job seekers with particular characteristics may be under-represented in some types of assistance but over-represented in others.  Hence, it is important to look at all types of assistance in assessing equity of assistance.  
Table 3.2 shows, for the range of Job Network services and the job seeker characteristics of those who received assistance in the year up to 31 December 2006.  Also provided is the demographic distribution of the Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) population at 31 December 2006.
Older job seekers’ participation in employment assistance remains lower than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population.  This is generally indicative of the alternatives available to these job seekers to meet their participation requirements as well the higher level of exemptions among these job seekers.  
The proportion of short-term unemployed job seekers (i.e. on income support for less than six months) in Job Search Support is influenced by the proportion of Job Search Support Only job seekers who have had a Vocational Profile completed, but may not be on income support.  

Table 3.2: Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics: December 20061
	Newstart/Youth Allowance (other) recipients 	Employment Assistance type	
Job seeker characteristics		Job Search 
Support2
(%)	Job 
Placement3
 (%)	Intensive 
Support
(%)	
Age group (years)					
15 to 20 	13.2	22.0	19.8	23.0	
21 to 24	14.8	12.8	16.3	15.0	
25 to 34	23.4	22.0	24.9	21.9	
35 to 49	27.1	28.9	27.5	26.6	
50 or more	21.3	14.2	11.5	13.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)					
0 to less than 6	27.1	88.6	38.2	58.3	
6 to less than 12	13.2	3.6	18.6	13.6	
12 to less than 24	16.3	3.3	19.1	12.3	
24 to less than 36	11.3	1.5	9.1	5.8	
36 or more	32.1	3.0	14.9	10.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment					
Less than Year 10	21.7	14.8	16.2	19.7	
Year 10 or 11	32.0	30.9	35.2	34.4	
Year 12	17.3	23.6	19.1	19.1	
Post secondary	27.3	30.7	29.5	26.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Gender					
Male	61.6	49.6	63.4	54.7	
Female	38.2	50.4	36.6	45.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups4					
Disability	16.3	6.4	8.6	12.8	
Indigenous	9.8	6.5	7.3	8.9	
CALD5	17.3	17.8	12.7	14.7	
Sole parents	1.9	7.8	6.4	9.3	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006.
2.	Commencements in Job Search Support measured through the demographic distribution of registered Vocational Profiles in the year up to 
31 December 2006.
3.	Demographic breakdown of Job Placements in the year up to 31 December 2006 
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Access to Job Placements
A key performance indicator of Job Network is how it performs across various industries.  Table 3.3 shows vacancies and job placements by industry.  As can be seen, Manufacturing, Retail trade, Property and business services and Agriculture, forestry and fisheries provide a significant source of vacancies and placements for Job Network.  
Differences are shown between vacancy and placement shares.  To some extent they will be due to the fact that the same vacancy may be filled several times depending on the needs of the employer.  

Table 3.3: AJS Vacancies and Job Placements by Industry: December 2006
Industry	JNM and JPO initiated Vacancies1
(%)	JNM and JPO
Placement in Job Placement2
(%)	
Agricultural and industrial sector			
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	4.4	5.6	
Mining	0.6	0.5	
Manufacturing	13.1	17.2	
Electricity, Gas and Water Supply	0.3	0.2	
Construction	7.5	5.7	
Services sector			
Wholesale Trade	3.4	3.6	
Retail Trade	14.3	10.6	
Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants	9.8	6.1	
Transport and Storage	3.5	2.5	
Communication Services	1.2	1.0	
Finance and Insurance	0.9	0.5	
Property and Business Services	27.4	38.4	
Cultural and Recreational Services	1.4	0.9	
Personal and Other Services	4.5	3.7	
Government and community sector			
Government Administration and Defence	1.1	0.7	
Education	1.6	0.5	
Health and Community Services	5.1	2.5	

1. 	Vacancies lodged by Job Network member or Job Placement Organisations on Australian JobSeach between 1 January 2006 and 
31 December 2006.  Columns may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
2.	Australian JobSearch vacancies filled by Job Network members or Job Placement Organisations between 1 January 2006 and 
31 December 2006.  Columns may not add up to 100% due to rounding.  

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in NEIS
Table 3.4 shows for a range of job seeker characteristics the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing NEIS.  This is shown only for those on an eligible allowance, such as Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older.  
NEIS is not targeted directly at job seekers with any particular characteristics.  Given the nature of the programme, however, some types of job seekers are less likely to participate in NEIS than others.  This is particularly the case for groups such as youth (those aged 15 – 20) and the equity groups.  On the other hand persons with a post secondary education participate in NEIS at a higher rate than their proportion of the eligible population. 

 Table 3.4: Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics year to end December 20061

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for NEIS2
(%)	Commencement in NEIS
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.9	1.6	
21 to 24	15.4	9.4	
25 to 34	24.3	31.4	
35 to 49	28.2	40.1	
50 or more	22.2	17.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	25.8	51.1	
6 to less than 12	12.8	24.8	
12 to less than 24	16.4	12.8	
24 to less than 36	11.7	4.5	
36 or more	33.4	6.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.5	5.9	
Year 10 or 11	32.1	23.6	
Year 12	17.9	21.2	
Post secondary	28.6	49.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	62.3	54.1	
Female	37.7	45.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	16.8	9.2	
Indigenous	9.5	1.7	
CALD4	17.8	16.0	
Sole parents	2.0	7.2	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in NEIS from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) and 18 or over as at 31 December 2006. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English  Speaking countries 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in Work for the Dole
Table 3.5 shows for a range of job seeker characteristics the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing Work for the Dole (WfD). This is shown only for those on the activity tested payments Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older. 
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs 
before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
WfD tends to exhibit different patterns in participation to NEIS with younger job seekers proportionally over-represented in the participating population in relation to their eligibility, while job seekers unemployed for less than six months under-represented.  Again this reflects the unique eligibility requirements of the programme. 

Table 3.5: Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics year to end December 20061

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for Work for Dole2
(%)	Commencement in Work for the Dole
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.9	14.8	
21 to 24	15.4	20.8	
25 to 34	24.3	28.2	
35 to 49	28.2	33.4	
50 or more	22.2	2.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	25.8	5.5	
6 to less than 12	12.8	26.2	
12 to less than 24	16.4	13.9	
24 to less than 36	11.7	13.4	
36 or more	33.4	41.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.5	20.1	
Year 10 or 11	32.1	36.8	
Year 12	17.9	17.3	
Post secondary	28.6	25.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	62.3	70.6	
Female	37.7	29.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	16.8	7.2	
Indigenous	9.5	7.9	
CALD4	17.8	13.3	
Sole parents	2.0	0.9	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in Work for the Dole from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) as at 31 December 2006. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region

Participation in labour market assistance by region
This section presents data on participation by job seekers in labour market assistance for the DEWR Labour Market Regions. A map of DEWR regions is included in the Technical Notes of this report. 
Reporting at a regional level is restricted to the main types of Job Network assistance and Work for the Dole.

Table 4.1 provides details of placements in Job Placement jobs and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.
The number of placements and commencements in the various types of labour market assistance will depend on the size of the region, labour market conditions and the relative disadvantage of job seekers in the region. 

Table 4.1: Commencements in labour market assistance by region: December 20061
DEWR Region	Job Search Support
(Number)	Job Placements
(Number)	Intensive Support
(Number)	Work for the Dole
(Number)	
Sydney	86,989	87,865	60,550	15,486	
Hunter and North Coast	33,673	41,454	30,951	10,620	
Illawarra and SE NSW	14,846	19,587	15,291	4,697	
Western NSW	14,156	23,988	14,218	2,874	
Riverina	6,116	11,687	5,606	1,297	
New South Wales	155,780	184,581	126,616	34,974	
Melbourne	83,015	96,812	61,188	13,757	
Eastern Victoria	11,348	19,316	10,215	3,029	
Western Victoria	18,920	31,581	17,225	5,102	
Victoria	113,283	147,709	88,628	21,888	
Brisbane	66,939	98,594	48,178	9,878	
Southern Queensland	14,387	20,327	14,777	4,209	
Central and Northern QLD	22,810	37,169	19,595	3,915	
Queensland	104,136	156,090	82,550	18,002	
Perth	25,526	41,179	20,353	3,342	
South Western Australia	5,717	9,605	4,391	1,043	
Greater Western Australia	7,587	7,189	9,453	617	
Western Australia	38,830	57,973	34,197	5,002	
Adelaide	25,815	45,850	22,498	5,549	
South Australia Country	11,240	19,929	11,257	2,822	
South Australia	37,055	65,779	33,755	8,371	
					
Tasmania	11,387	20,680	10,401	3,566	
					
Northern Territory	6,065	6,370	8,168	581	
					
Australian Capital Territory	4,292	5,567	2,589	643	
					
Australia	470,828	644,749	386,904	93,027	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance and Work for the Dole from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Labour market assistance by region
Table 4.2 shows the proportion of Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) recipients as at 31 December 2006 compared to the proportion of Job Network eligible Job Placements and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.  This is provided on a DEWR regional and State and Territory basis. 

Participation in employment assistance in New South Wales is somewhat higher than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population suggest might participate.  This differs with participation in the smaller labour market regions of Tasmania and Northern Territory which are generally lower.  A factor that could contribute to this disparity is participation in assistance by job seekers not on Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other).  

Table 4.2: Comparison of labour market assistance by region year to end December 2006
DEWR Region	Newstart/ Youth Allowance (Other) recipients1
(%)	Job Search Support2
(%)	Intensive Support2
(%)	Work for 
the Dole2
(%)	
Sydney	16.9	18.5	15.6	16.6	
Hunter and North Coast	8.1	7.2	8.0	11.4	
Illawarra and SE NSW	3.5	3.2	4.0	5.0	
Western NSW	3.6	3.0	3.7	3.1	
Riverina	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	
New South Wales	33.3	33.1	32.7	37.6	
Melbourne	17.4	17.6	15.8	14.8	
Eastern Victoria	2.7	2.4	2.6	3.3	
Western Victoria	4.7	4.0	4.5	5.5	
Victoria	24.9	24.1	22.9	23.5	
Brisbane	11.5	14.2	12.5	10.6	
Southern Queensland	3.0	3.1	3.8	4.5	
Central and Northern QLD	4.4	4.8	5.1	4.2	
Queensland	18.8	22.1	21.3	19.4	
Perth	4.9	5.4	5.3	3.6	
South Western Australia	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.7	
Greater Western Australia	1.6	1.6	2.4	1.1	
Western Australia	7.7	8.2	8.8	5.4	
Adelaide	6.0	5.5	5.8	6.0	
South Australia Country	2.5	2.4	2.9	3.0	
South Australia	8.5	7.9	8.7	9.0	
					
Tasmania	3.4	2.4	2.7	3.8	
					
Northern Territory	2.5	1.3	2.1	0.6	
					
Australian Capital Territory	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7	
					
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

1.	Job Seekers receiving Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) as at 31 December 2006.
2.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance or Work for the Dole from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Employment outcomes by region
Table 4.3 shows employment outcomes for job seekers who ceased assistance between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  Employment outcomes are for Job Placement, Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole.  Job Placement outcomes include both Fully Job Network Eligible and Job Search Support Only job seekers.  Outcomes are presented on a DEWR regional, State and Territory and national basis. 

Table 4.3:  Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes year to end December 20061
DEWR Region	Job Placement2
(%)
	Intensive Support job search training3 (%)	Intensive Support customised assistance3 (%)	Intensive Support4
(%)	Work for 
the Dole3
(%)	
Sydney	68.9	43.2	36.6	47.1	27.5	
Hunter and North Coast	74.1	46.1	42.4	51.6	26.1	
Illawarra and SE NSW	79.1	47.4	46.2	53.8	27.1	
Western NSW	73.4	47.8	40.8	44.8	19.3	
Riverina	76.3	53.2	43.6	52.4	32.9	
New South Wales	72.4	45.0	40.1	49.1	26.5	
Melbourne	72.5	48.8	43.8	54.7	31.0	
Eastern Victoria	69.3	47.6	45.9	53.9	32.0	
Western Victoria	76.9	46.8	45.5	53.2	27.7	
Victoria	72.9	48.4	44.5	54.3	30.4	
Brisbane	74.4	56.3	50.8	61.2	37.7	
Southern Queensland	70.4	53.5	45.0	55.7	30.6	
Central and Northern QLD	73.5	61.5	45.0	54.3	32.8	
Queensland	73.7	56.7	48.1	58.5	35.1	
Perth	75.2	59.5	50.2	62.3	39.5	
South Western Australia	75.9	54.6	51.0	58.4	41.5	
Greater Western Australia	79.5	47.1	39.4	50.7	23.6	
Western Australia	75.8	57.6	48.2	60.5	38.3	
Adelaide	72.4	49.9	50.5	57.3	31.2	
South Australia Country	74.7	53.2	46.8	51.9	26.4	
South Australia	73.2	50.8	49.3	55.6	29.7	
						
Tasmania	77.0	49.3	46.8	51.5	25.3	
						
Northern Territory	65.8	53.4	30.5	33.9	29.9	
						
Australian Capital Territory	71.9	55.8	53.0	60.9	37.5	
			 	 		
Australia	73.3	49.8	44.2	53.8	30.1	
1.	Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.  
2.	Job Placement outcomes are for job seekers placed in an eligible Job Placement job between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in.  
3.	Post assistance employment outcomes relate to job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training or Work for the Dole between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 31 December 2006.  
4.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 September 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
31 December 2006.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients

Number of income support recipients
An important goal of employment assistance is to reduce or remove employment barriers experienced by job seekers so they can compete effectively for jobs.  Higher levels of employment assistance are provided to the most disadvantaged job seekers. 
While this report focuses mainly on the outcomes achieved by individual forms of assistance, it is also important to note that other factors, such as administrative/policy changes and economic conditions, also have a significant impact on the number of income support recipients.
Figure 5.1 shows the changes over time in the number of working age allowance recipients.     There has been a fall in allowee recipients over time, driven largely by a fall in the number of NewStart recipients.  Data on income support recipients shows that in the 12 months to the end of December 2006, the number of people in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 14,000 to just under 546,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients decreased by around 9,400 recipients while the number of short-term recipients decreased by around 5,000. 
On the other hand, the number of Carer Pension and Disability Support Pension (DSP) recipients has risen over the period July 2002 to December 2006.

Figure 5.1: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Figures quoted in the text are from the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations: “Labour Market and Related Payments a monthly profile, December 2006”.

  Source: Trend series based on data from DEWR administrative system.

Off-Benefit outcomes
An assessment of the impact that assistance has can also be undertaken by looking at the income support status of participants after they leave assistance.  
Figure 5.2 shows the off-benefit status of job seekers three and six months after they had exited employment assistance.  
Off-benefit outcomes are only measured for clients who were in receipt of Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) (i.e. activity tested beneficiaries) when they commenced their employment assistance placement.  Other clients on non-activity tested benefits have different allowable earnings thresholds and their inclusion has the potential to distort the results.  
The majority of job seekers who move off income support do so for employment, particularly full-time employment.  For most programmes, however, off-benefit outcomes levels are generally slightly lower than employment outcomes levels.  This reflects the fact that three months after exiting an employment assistance placement the proportion of people in part-time work who remain on benefits is somewhat larger than the proportion that have moved off income support for reasons other than employment (e.g. leaving the labour market).  
Three month off-benefit outcomes tend to mirror what is found in relation to employment outcomes, with those programmes that achieve high employment outcomes achieving high three months off-benefit outcomes. Those that achieve high off-benefit outcomes at three months experience little change at the six month mark.  This indicates that for these programmes the benefits happen relatively shortly after completing the programme.   
For other programmes, particularly those targeted at the more disadvantaged, it is evident that there is a substantial rise in off-benefit levels between three and six months after leaving assistance.  This indicates that the benefits from the programmes tend to take longer to materialise for the job seeker.  Notwithstanding this longer lead time, strong off-benefit outcomes are achieved for most programmes.  
Off-benefit outcomes for Intensive Support are particularly strong.  Over half of the in-scope Intensive Support population were off Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) six months after they became in-scope.  This result reinforces the results outlined in Tables 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 that showed the strong full-time employment outcomes achieved by Intensive Support.   

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1.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006 and were not on income support three months later.
2.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006 and were not on income support six months later.  

Section 6: Participation in new programmes

Outcomes from new programmes to the Employment and Workplace Relations portfolio are expected to be released over the next year.  The following section, however, provides a quick look at some of the issues related to the Disability Employment Network (DEN),  Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) and the Personal Support Programme (PSP).

Disability Employment Network

The Disability Employment Network is an employment programme targeted at job seekers with disabilities who need ongoing support to gain and maintain employment. DEN is made up of two main elements: Employment Assistance, which helps people find employment and maintenance which aims to keep people in work.

Significantly, participation in DEN has been rising over time (Figure 6.1).  In 1998 there were around 25,000 participants, compared to 35,000 in 2006.

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Encouragingly, outcomes are high.  Outcomes range from around 25 per cent for those with psychological disabilities to 45 per cent for those with speech disabilities (Figure 6.2). People with intellectual and learning disabilities have reasonably high outcomes at around 37 per cent, while those with physical 
disabilities such as deaf/blind or visually impaired, have lower outcomes at around 30 per cent. Figure 6.3 shows the outcomes of Newstart and Youth Allowance recipients who were in Maintenance in October 2005. By October 2006 around 57 per cent of participants were still in Maintenance, with 33 per cent employed and not on Maintenance and 10 per cent not working.  Typically clients spend an average of 2-3 years in Maintenance.

Figure 6.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 6.3: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Disability Employment Network (continued)

Participants in Employment Assistance had a range of disabilities, including intellectual disabilities, psychological disorders and learning disabilities (Figure 6.4). Overall, around a third of clients

had a mental illness, a third had a physical disability and a third had an intellectual disability.

Those with intellectual disabilities represent the largest share of participants in Maintenance (Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 6.5: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) assist job seekers who have an injury, disability or health condition, to enable them to work independently in the workforce by combining vocational rehabilitation with employment assistance.

Each year around 24,000 clients commence in VRS, fluctuating between 1500 and 3600 a month over the period July 2004 to July 2006 (Figure 6.6).  On average, the number of commencements remained fairly steady at around 2000 a month, with slightly more commencements between March and November 2005.

Employment outcomes for VRS were high with those with hearing disabilities experiencing the highest outcome rates at 52 per cent (Figure 6.7), followed closely by those with acquired brain injury (50%) and vision problems (49%). People with neurological disabilities experienced the lowest outcomes levels with approximately 39 per cent achieving a 13 week outcome.

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Figure 6.7: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (continued)

Around 60 percent of VRS participants had a physical disability.  Of the physical disabilities, skeletal and spinal disorders make up the largest category (Figure 6.8). The ‘other’ category represents a wide range of physical disabilities.

Around a third of clients in VRS had a mental illness.  A third of these were psychotic, with depression and anxiety each making up approximately a quarter of the participants with mental illnesses.

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Figure 6.9: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Personal Support Programme

The Personal Support Programme (PSP) is a pre-vocational programme designed to assist job seekers with severe or multiple barriers to employment, giving them time and support to sort through their barriers, while staying connected to the economic and social life of the community.  Around 2000 to 3000 clients commence PSP each month  (Figure 6.10). Clients can have multiple barriers and on average each client had 3 recorded barriers that needed to be addressed.  The types of barriers faced by PSP participants remained fairly constant over the period July 2002 to October 2006 (Figure 6.11).  Mood disorders increased slightly over the period to account currently for around 20 per cent of barriers.  There has also been a slight rise in personality/anxiety disorders which currently make up the largest share of barriers (around 30%).

Figure 6.10: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 6.11: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Personal Support Programme (continued)

Outcomes were reasonable for PSP.  For those who had been unemployed for less than 12 months at the time of commencement, some 12 months later around 20 per cent were off benefits, compared to around 5 per cent of those who had been unemployed for 5 or more years when they commenced.  Encouragingly, these outcome levels had risen to around 30 and 13 percent respectively at the 30 month post commencement mark (Figure 6.12). 

Figure 6.12: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Technical Notes

Data sources, sampling, further assistance and survey results
Data Sources
The department uses a number of data sources to determine the outcomes achieved by job seekers during and after they have ceased labour market assistance.  The two main data sources are the Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) survey and the department’s administrative database held within the Integrated Employment System (IES).
PPM surveys have been undertaken since 1987 and are used to assess the labour force and education status of former programme participants three months after they exit assistance.  The IES records details of placements, commencements and paid outcomes for labour market assistance.
Survey Sampling
With the introduction of the Active Participation Model (APM) in July 2003 the PPM methodology was subjected to revision.  Prior to the APM, a full enumeration of clients exiting programmes and not in further assistance was attempted (with the exception of Intensive Assistance and Job Matching which were based on 25% samples).
From July 2003 onwards, the PPM survey uses a sampling approach to assess the performance of all employment assistance.  For all programmes except Job Placement, a 25% sample of clients in the following categories is undertaken:
a) clients found to be on full-rate of Newstart or Youth Allowance(Other) and/or in a subsequent programme placement (also known as ‘further assistance’) at the time they are due to be surveyed;
b) clients who achieved a 13 week payable outcome after receiving assistance under Intensive Support; and
c) clients who have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support (IS) without exiting.
The PPM outcome of clients in category (b) is recorded as employed or in education based on the type of payable outcome they achieved.  These clients are only surveyed to obtain supplementary information about their labour force and education status.  A full enumeration of clients not in categories a, b, or c is attempted.
For clients who were placed in a job through Job Placement, a survey of 25% of clients is undertaken.

Further Assistance
A client is defined as being in further assistance if, at the time they are due to be surveyed, the client is found to have commenced a subsequent placement.  Intensive Support itself is not counted as further assistance unless the client moves between providers for whatever reason.
As outlined previously, a 25% sample of clients found to be in further assistance is currently included in the survey.  Prior to the commencement of the APM, clients in further assistance were not surveyed and their outcomes were simply recorded as ‘in further assistance’.  While these clients may have potentially been either in a part time job and/or in education, these outcomes were not captured as these clients were not surveyed.  Under the new sampling methodology these outcomes can now be recorded.
The impact on PPM results of surveying job seekers in further assistance will vary amongst the programmes.  Programmes such as TTW and NEIS will see little impact on their outcomes results given that few of their participants proceeded to further assistance.  For other programs, the impacts will vary, but any variations will generally be modest.
Comparisons with pre-APM outcomes
In addition to the limitations outlined above in the ‘Further Assistance’ section, care should also be taken when comparing outcomes achieved for services delivered under the APM with outcomes for similar pre-APM Job Network services.  This is because similar types of assistance (eg Intensive Assistance delivered under ESC rounds 1 and 2, and Intensive Support customised assistance delivered under the APM), will have differences in client mix and the type, and way, in which services are delivered to clients.
Intensive Support population
The population used for the calculation of IS outcomes includes those clients who, in any given reporting period first: a) exited IS, b) began a 13 week period leading to an outcome or intermediate payment; or c) reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in IS without exiting.
Clients are surveyed after 12, 24 and 36 months participation to avoid potential biases in the calculation of outcomes results.  If these clients were not surveyed as they progressed through IS, outcomes would be overstated as those not achieving outcomes would remain in assistance and not enter the survey.  From the December 2005 quarter onwards, outcomes are reported for the Intensive Support population as a whole as well as being broken down to the 12 and 24 month sub samples.  
In addition, if a client is due to be surveyed during /after their participation in IS, or after participating in ISca or ISjst, and is found to have been surveyed in the last 3 months, then their outcome will be set to the outcome (if it is known) that was obtained when they were surveyed previously.
Survey results
Aside from IS, ISjst and ISca, where PPM results are based on a combination of survey responses and payable outcomes data, all outcome estimates are based on survey responses.  The overall response rate for the PPM survey, at around 60%, provides outcomes estimates that are generally accurate to within plus or minus 1 percentage point at the National level.

Labour Market Assistance Descriptions
Intensive Support stream:  provides individually tailored assistance for up to 42 months for eligible job seekers.  Access to assistance through Intensive Support is immediately at registration for those job seekers identified as highly disadvantaged with the remainder having access to assistance after three months of unemployment.  Under Intensive Support a job seeker can have access to the general Intensive Support assistance, Intensive Support job search training and/or Intensive Support customised assistance.
Intensive Support (IS):  assistance will be provided during periods between ISjst, ISmo and ISca.  During these periods, job seekers will continue to have access to job search assistance and facilities at their Job Network member site, guidance in relation to job search and the regular updating of their vocational profile.  
Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca):  provides for six months of assistance tailored to the jobseekers’ individual needs and to available jobs opportunities.  Job seekers who are most disadvantaged (as determined by their JSCI score) receive immediate access to ISca.  Other job seekers will be eligible to receive ISca assistance after 12 months of unemployment.  
Intensive Support job search training (ISjst):  provides training for up to 100 hours (over three weeks) in job search techniques and job application skills to give unemployed people the skills and confidence to improve their job search skills, motivation and expand their job search networks.  Mature age and Indigenous job seekers have immediate access to ISjst on registration for unemployment allowance.  
Intensive Support mutual obligation (ISmo):  occurs at the same time that a job seeker’s ordinary mutual obligation requirements commence.  The objective of Job Network services during these periods is to ensure that job seekers continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job Placement services refer suitable job seekers to vacancies and canvass and list job vacancies on the Australian Job Search database.  DEWR licensed 
recruitment agencies, Job Placement Organisation (JPOs), are in a position to provide Job Placement service to eligible job seekers. Job Network members are licensed as JPOs. 
New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS): provides support and training for eligible job seekers who wish to pursue the option of self-employment. 
Indigenous Employment Programme: replaced the Training for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders Programme (TAP) and has several components. It includes Wage Assistance which is a wage subsidy paid to employers over 26 weeks providing on-going employment. In Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), employers in the private sector and regional and community based employment sponsor organisations provide jobs, generally involving accredited training or a traineeship. 
Indigenous Employment Centres: help Community Development Employment Project participants find employment.
Work for the Dole: provides assistance for job seekers to develop work habits, generic work skills and work experience by participating in community projects and activities for up to 26 weeks over a 12 month period.
Community Work placements: assist job seekers to gain skills and work experience and provides access to additional benefits such as Training Credits and Passport to Employment after participating in voluntary work for a specified number of hours. 
Transition to Work Programme: helps job seekers who are parents, carers and mature age people 50 years and over entering the workforce for the first time or returning to the workforce after an absence of 2 years or more. 
Training accounts: help mature age and indigenous job seekers who participate in Intensive Support or Indigenous Employment Centres improve their employment prospects through the provision of training. 
Training Credits: provide job seekers who participate in a Work for the Dole or Community Work Placement for between 16 and 26 weeks with a training credit which can be used to pay for additional training.

General Definitions
AJS, Australian JobSearch (http://jobsearch.gov.au): lists all job vacancies notified to the Job Network and provides contact details for Job Network members.  It is available in Centrelink and at Job Network member offices and through the DEWR Internet site (http://www.workplace.gov.au).
Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) is a programme aimed at providing activities that; improve participants employability, develop business opportunities and contribute to community needs.  The overall aim is to support Indigenous Australians achieve economic independence.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a CDEP after leaving labour market assistance. 
Community Work Coordinators: are contracted to develop Community Work placements and Work for the Dole projects/activities and manage the placement of eligible job seekers into those projects/activities.
Educational attainment: refers to the highest educational level completed by job seekers. 
Eligible vacancy: is a job vacancy listed on the Australian Job Search database that is eligible for a payment under Job Network.
Further assistance: includes job seekers who proceed to another DEWR or DEST funded employment programme or service within three months of exiting employment assistance. It includes commencements in Intensive Support job search training (ISjst), Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca), New Apprenticeships, NEIS, Work for the Dole, Green Corps, Advanced English for Migrants Programme (AEMP) and the STEP and Wage Assistance components of the Indigenous Employment Policy.  A job seeker who is in the general Intensive Support or Job Search Support streams of assistance are not regarded as being in further assistance.  
Income support recipients: includes job seekers registered with Centrelink as unemployed and in receipt of Newstart Allowance (NSA) or job seekers aged 15 to 24 not in full-time education and in receipt of Youth Allowance (Other) (YA). 

Job Search Support Only (JSSO): refers to those job seekers, irrespective of their income support status, who are eligible for only Job Search Support services and no other form of Job Network services.  JSSO job seekers can renew their registration as unemployed every three months with either Centrelink or their Job Network member. 
Job placements: include placements provided under Job Search Support and job placements under Intensive Support customised assistance.
Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE): refers to those job seekers who are eligible to receive the full suite of Job Network services.  Any unemployed person receiving Newstart Allowance or Youth Allowance (Other) or another form of qualifying income support payment and young people not in full-time study irrespective of income support are eligible for Job Network assistance.  CDEP participants are also eligible for Job Network services.
Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI): a measurement of a job seeker’s relative disadvantage in obtaining employment – because of their personal circumstance and labour market skills – and is used to determine the level of labour market assistance required. 
People from Culturally And Linguistic Diverse backgrounds (CALD): refers to people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds, where the main language spoken is not English.
Work for the Dole (WfD) commencement: involves a job seeker participating in a WfD activity for up to six months over a 12-month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
Work for the Dole exit: for the purposes of PPM, occurs when a job seeker has a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months and in relation to their last CWC placement in the 12 month period.  Clients exiting WfD will be subsequently surveyed. 

Regional Coverage
Regions used in this report are based on the 19 labour market regions used in contracting for DEWR programmes and services.

DEWR labour market regions

Perth
Southern WA
Greater WA
Northern Teritory
SA Country
Adelaide
Central and Northern QLD
Southern QLD
Brisbane
Western NSW
Hunter and North Coast
Sydney
ACT
Riverina
Illawarra and South East NSW
Eastern Victoria
Melbourne
Western Victoria
Tasmania