Labour Market 
Assistance Outcomes
Year ending September 2007	
This report contains information about placements, commencements and post labour market assistance outcomes achieved for employment services managed by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations.
Main features
Outcomes	
The positive outcomes (employment and/or education/training) rates achieved in the year ending September 2007, three months after leaving assistance were:
•	76% for Job Placement;
•	61% for Intensive Support job search training;
•	55% for Intensive Support customised assistance;
•	61% for Intensive Support;
•	89% for New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS);
•	40% for Work for the Dole;
•	41% for Community Work Placements;
•	23% for the Personal Support Programme;
•	46% for Vocational Rehabilitation Services;
•	70% for Indigenous Employment Programme Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP);  and
•	72% for Indigenous Employment Programme Wage Assistance.	

Job Vacancies and Placements	
In the year to end September 2007, 2,470,800 vacancies were notified on the Australian Job Search database, of which around 1,099,500 were lodged by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations (including vacancies lodged through the Internet and Teleservicing).  In the year to end September 2007, 634,700 Job Network eligible job seekers were placed into Job Placement vacancies by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations.	

Commencements	
In the year to 30 September 2007, commencements in the various types of labour market assistance included:
•	401,400 in Job Search Support;
•	363,800 in Intensive Support;
•	6,600 in NEIS;
•	9,400 in the STEP and Wage Assistance elements of the Indigenous Employment Programme;
•	29,200 in the Personal Support Programme;
•	29,000 in Vocational Rehabilitation Services;
•	29,800 in the Disability Employment Network;
•	86,000 in Work for the Dole;  and
•	700 in Community Work Placement.	

Income Support	
In the year to end September 2007, the number of job seekers in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 46,000 to just under 498,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients (ie on allowances for 12 months or more) decreased by just under 24,200 to just over 297,000 while the number of short-term recipients decreased by around 21,400 to just under 200,400.	

In this issue	
Changes to the Employment Services Market 	Page 3
Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes: year to end September 2007	Page 4
Table 1.1 Post assistance labour market outcomes	Page 4
Table 1.2 Post assistance employment and positive outcomes	Page 5
Table 1.3 Intensive Support outcomes	Page 6
Table 1.4 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 outcomes	Page 7
Table 1.5 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 outcomes	Page 8
Table 1.6 Intensive Support customised assistance combined outcomes	Page 9
Table 1.7 Intensive Support job search training outcomes	Page 10
Table 1.8 Job Placement outcomes	Page 11
Table 1.9 New Enterprise Incentive Scheme outcomes	Page 12
Table 1.10 Work for the Dole outcomes	Page 13
Table 1.11 Vocational Rehabilitation Services outcomes	Page 14
Table 1.12 Personal Support Programme outcomes	Page 15
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance 	Page 16
Figure 2.1 Trends in outcomes for employment services 2001–2007	Page 16
Figure 2.2 Ex-offender JSCI distributions	Page 17
Figure 2.3 Off benefit outcomes for ex-offenders	Page 18
Figure 2.4 Job Placement types for ex-offenders	Page 18
Figure 2.5 Job Seeker Account expenditure for ex-offenders	Page 19
Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance: year to end September 2007	Page 19
Table 3.1 Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years	Page 19
Table 3.2 Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics	Page 20
Table 3.3 Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics	Page 21
Table 3.4 Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics	Page 22
Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region: year to end September 2007	Page 23
Table 4.1 Commencements in labour market assistance by region	Page 23
Table 4.2 Commencements in labour market assistance by region (proportion)	Page 24
Table 4.3 Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes	Page 25
Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients	Page 26
Figure 5.1 Number of income support recipients	Page 26
Figure 5.2 Three and six month off-benefit status of job seekers following assistance	Page 27 
Technical Notes	Page 28	
Time periods used in this report	
The Department’s Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) Survey measures outcomes achieved by job seekers three months after they exit labour market assistance.  This report contains outcomes data for job seekers who exited assistance in the 12 months to 30 June 2007 and their post assistance outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.  
Intensive Support post assistance outcomes should not be confused with paid interim or paid final outcomes.  Post assistance outcomes are all employment and education outcomes while paid outcomes relate to a subset of employment and education outcomes where Job Network members receive payment for outcomes. 
Commencement and placement data, derived from DEWR and Centrelink administrative systems, relate to job seekers who were placed in a job or commenced labour market assistance between 1 October 2006 and 
30 September 2007 and 1 October 2005 and 30 September 2006.  	
	
More information……	
For further information, please contact Michael Cameron (02) 6121 7240 or e-mail cedric.seveque@dewr.gov.au.

© Commonwealth of Australia

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Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations 
http://www.workplace.gov.au/	

Changes to the Employment Services Market

On 1 July 2003, significant changes were introduced to the employment services market.  The Active Participation Model (announced in the 2002–03 Budget) provides on-going customised service to job seekers and has a number of innovative features, such as a Job Seeker Account to fund preparation of job seekers for work.  
In the 2005–06 Budget further reforms were announced as part of the overarching Welfare to Work changes.  These reforms were designed to increase participation and achieve long-term employment outcomes for key target groups including: mature age job seekers; parents; People with a Disability; and the very long-term unemployed.  
Access to income support
From 1 July 2006 changes in eligibility for income support were introduced for working age Australians.  Eligibility for Parenting Payment Single (PPS) and Parenting Payment Partnered (PPP) for new claimants was altered with the threshold age for youngest child changing to 6 (if partnered) or 8 (if single).  Similarly, eligibility for the Disability Support Pension (DSP) was varied.  People with a disability seeking income support are referred to a Job Capacity Assessment (JCA) to determine their work capacity.  Those unable to work for at least 15 hours per week will be eligible for DSP.  If a new claimant does not meet the new eligibility criteria for PPP, PPS or DSP they are able to claim an alternative income support payment (typically Newstart Allowance).
Participation in assistance
On registration with Centrelink, each eligible job seeker is referred to a single Job Network member who will provide services to them while they remain eligible for assistance or get a job.  Two services are delivered by all Job Network members under the Active Participation Model – Job Search Support and Intensive Support.
Job Search Support services are available to all eligible job seekers immediately upon registration with Centrelink or a Job Network member and continue until the job seeker leaves employment services.  On first contact with their Job Network member job seekers have their vocational profile entered into the JobSearch database for daily matching against new job vacancies.  Job seekers also have access to a range of other job search facilities such as touchscreens, computers and faxes as well as assistance in the preparation of job applications.
If an eligible job seeker has not found work within the first three months of Job Search Support, their Job Network member will arrange for them to participate in Intensive Support.  Job search training is the first element of Intensive Support.  It assists job seekers to obtain employment through individually tailored assistance that is designed to improve their job search skills, confidence and expand their job search networks.  As of 1 July 2006, Employment Preparation assistance was introduced into Job Network.  Superseding the Transition to Work programme, it provides assistance to parents, mature age job seekers and those on Carers Allowance.  Eligible job seekers can access Employment Preparation either while they are in the Job Search Support or at the start of their Intensive Support phase depending of their Job Network eligibility.  
After six months of unemployment (and periodically thereafter), most activity-tested job seekers will be required to fulfil a Mutual Obligation requirement.  During these periods job seekers remain in Intensive Support and it is the responsibility of their Job Network member to ensure that they continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job seekers who have been unemployed for at least 12 months or are identified by Centrelink as being highly disadvantaged at registration receive Intensive Support customised assistance.  Over a six month period this service provides tailored assistance to address individual barriers to employment and their efforts in looking for work.  Job seekers who are still unemployed after 24 months (or 12 months for the highly disadvantaged) have access to a second six month period of customised assistance.
From July 2006 job seekers approaching the end of their second period of customised assistance will undergo an assessment.  Job seekers with a demonstrated history of job search avoidance can be referred to full-time Work for the Dole.  Alternatively, job seekers may have access to Wage Assist support which provides a wage subsidy payment of $350 per fortnight to facilitate placement into a full-time on-going job.  The assessment may also indicate that the job seeker might benefit from assistance from a complementary programme.
From 1 July 2006 the Disability Employment Network was introduced which includes both capped and uncapped streams of assistance.  It provides assistance to job seekers with a disability, focusing on achieving sustained employment outcomes.  Other complementary programmes that job seekers could access for assistance throughout their period of unemployment includes Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS), Job Placement, Employment and Training  (JPET), the Indigenous Employment Programme and the Personal Support Programme (PSP)  
In this report….
Section 2 of this report contains a brief analysis of assistance and outcomes from labour market assistance for ex-offender job seekers. 

Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes

Post assistance labour market outcomes
Table 1.1 shows labour market outcomes and further assistance levels of all job seekers three months after leaving the various types of employment assistance.  
Employment outcomes for the suite of Job Network assistance remains strong.  
Job seekers are categorised as employed, unemployed, not in the labour force or in further assistance.
In editions of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes pre-June 2004, employment, unemployment, not in 

the labour force and further assistance outcomes were recorded as being mutually exclusive outcomes (ie. they added up to 100%).
As jobseekers are continuously in assistance under the Active Participation Model, clients in further assistance are surveyed and their responses are used to determine their labour market status. 
Care should also be taken when comparing outcomes for current services with labour market programmes operating prior to the introduction of Job Network.  The Technical Notes at the end of this report discuss these issues further. 

Table 1.1: Post assistance1 labour market outcomes year to end September 2007

Labour market assistance	Employed
(%)	Unemployed
(%)	Not in the Labour Force
(%)	Further Assistance2
(%)	Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	72.7	22.2	5.1	na	94,769	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	69.4	25.2	5.4	na	56,459	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	77.7	 17.6	4.7	na	38,310	
Intensive Support	53.9	33.9	12.2	13.2	365,893	
Intensive Support job search training	51.7	40.5	7.8	3.5	138,778	
Intensive Support customised assistance	45.3	39.8	14.9	15.3	252,147	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	46.6	37.7	15.6	13.8	180,912	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	42.0	44.9	13.1	19.1	71,235	
NEIS	86.2	8.6	5.1	2.2	6,095	
Work for the Dole	32.5	56.7	10.8	33.0	94,179	
Community Work	33.5	60.8	5.7	29.5	1,909	
IEP - STEP	62.7	27.7	9.7	23.0	3,754	
IEP - Wage Assistance	66.5	26.7	6.7	28.2	2,513	
Personal Support Programme3	17.8	37.4	44.8	na	30,981	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services3	39.5	21.7	38.8	na	16,101	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP) Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance, Personal Support Programme (PSP) or Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Further assistance includes commencements in DEWR funded labour market assistance.  Job seekers who do not achieve an employment outcome are treated as either unemployed or not in the labour force. 
3.	Further assistance figures are not available for the Personal Support Programme or Vocational Rehabilitation Services.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Post assistance employment and positive outcomes
Table 1.2 shows job seekers’ shares of full-time and part-time employment, education/training and positive outcomes three months after leaving different types of labour market assistance.
Education and training outcomes include job seekers who are studying at a secondary school or college, TAFE, business college or university three months after ceasing labour market assistance. 
Outcomes for STEP remain encouraging with a positive outcomes rate of 70 per cent.  
Outcomes for all other programmes are relatively unchanged from last quarter. 

Table 1.2: Post assistance1 employment and positive outcomes year to end September 2007

Labour market assistance	Full-time Employed
(%)	Part-time Employed
(%)	Total
Employed
(%)	Education & Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	46.6	26.1	72.7	12.6	76.4	94,769	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	42.1	27.2	69.4	12.6	73.5	56,459	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	53.4	24.3	77.7	12.8	80.6	38,310	
Intensive Support	24.7	29.2	53.9	11.8	61.4	365,893	
Intensive Support job search training	25.1	26.7	51.7	14.6	61.0	138,778	
Intensive Support customised assistance	17.1	28.2	45.3	12.8	55.2	252,147	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	18.6	28.0	46.6	13.3	56.9	180,912	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	13.4	28.6	42.0	11.6	51.0	71,235	
NEIS	47.2	39.1	86.2	9.3	88.7	6,095	
Work for the Dole	14.9	17.6	32.5	10.1	40.2	94,179	
Community Work	11.6	21.9	33.5	10.2	40.8	1,909	
IEP - STEP	45.0	17.6	62.7	19.6	69.5	3,754	
IEP - Wage Assistance	48.0	18.6	66.5	21.7	72.3	2,513	
Personal Support Programme	7.1	10.6	17.8	7.3	23.2	30,981	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services	15.5	24.0	39.5	10.2	45.7	16,101	
1 	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP) Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance, Personal Support Programme (PSP) or Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education outcome.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.3 reports the post assistance outcomes achieved for the 12, 24 and 36 month in-scope populations for Intensive Support.  Detailed information about the 12, 24 and 36 months samples were previously reported separately, however, results for Intensive Support are now only be reported on as a whole.
Overall around 61 per cent of Intensive Support participants were in employment and/or education/training 3 months following assistance.
Outcomes for sole parents remain particularly encouraging with 57 per cent in some kind of employment three months following assistance.  

Table 1.3: Intensive Support: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	33.1	26.7	59.8	16.4	68.0	77,407	
21 to 24	37.5	23.9	61.4	13.5	69.4	50,639	
25 to 34	27.7	28.0	55.7	12.9	64.1	80,536	
35 to 49	22.3	31.3	53.6	11.9	61.7	106,069	
50 or more	15.4	30.0	45.3	7.6	50.8	51,242	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	31.8	29.3	61.1	11.8	68.3	157,836	
6 to less than 12	21.1	31.2	52.3	11.4	59.8	29,851	
12 to less than 24	18.3	31.1	49.5	11.7	57.7	38,467	
24 to less than 36	21.4	27.3	48.7	10.9	55.7	24,545	
36 or more	13.3	28.7	42.0	11.3	50.1	85,372	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	19.1	25.7	44.9	10.2	52.7	56,090	
Year 10 or 11	27.0	29.6	56.6	9.4	62.3	100,085	
Year 12	30.8	32.5	63.2	17.7	73.5	52,363	
Post Secondary	33.2	32.2	65.4	12.8	72.7	84,722	
Gender							
Males	28.0	23.6	51.6	9.7	58.0	221,509	
Females	20.3	37.1	57.4	14.6	66.2	144,384	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	15.3	26.9	42.2	10.7	50.0	36,926	
Indigenous	20.5	20.2	40.7	13.4	49.8	37,159	
CALD5	22.0	25.4	47.4	16.9	60.7	57,391	
Sole Parents	17.8	39.3	57.1	14.7	65.8	35,241	
Total	24.7	29.2	53.9	11.8	61.4	365,893	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 June 2006 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.  The commencement period is limited to ensure that only those participants that could have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support are included in the in-scope sample.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.4 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left their first placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca1) between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.  Around 57 per cent of ISca1 participants were employed and/or in education/training 3 months following assistance.   

Table 1.4: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	22.1	33.0	55.1	11.6	63.3	96,453	
Highly disadvantaged4	14.4	21.9	36.3	15.5	49.2	84,459	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	21.8	26.4	48.2	15.1	59.5	36,039	
21 to 24	23.3	29.0	52.2	16.4	64.0	20,932	
25 to 34	21.4	27.0	48.4	14.0	59.0	38,725	
35 to 49	18.4	29.3	47.6	14.3	58.9	54,016	
50 or more	12.7	28.4	41.2	9.6	48.9	31,200	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.2	23.1	42.3	14.6	54.1	43,096	
6 to less than 12	20.7	32.5	53.2	13.7	63.4	35,542	
12 to less than 24	18.7	28.4	47.1	12.8	57.1	35,581	
24 to less than 36	16.3	26.8	43.0	13.0	53.5	11,747	
36 or more	14.7	27.5	42.2	13.2	52.5	41,734	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	13.6	20.9	34.5	13.3	46.4	45,097	
Year 10 or 11	18.1	27.5	45.6	10.7	53.8	62,780	
Year 12	22.6	31.4	54.0	16.4	65.9	26,934	
Post Secondary	21.5	32.9	54.3	14.7	64.9	43,828	
Gender							
Males	21.9	24.1	46.0	10.3	54.3	95,772	
Females	15.5	32.0	47.5	16.2	59.7	85,140	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	12.7	25.9	38.6	10.6	46.9	24,475	
Indigenous	15.7	18.4	34.1	11.1	43.2	36,209	
CALD6	17.2	23.5	40.7	21.8	59.5	32,208	
Sole Parents	18.6	31.1	49.7	15.4	61.1	29,719	
Total	18.6	28.0	46.6	13.3	56.9	180,912	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.5 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the second placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca2) between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.
Outcomes are somewhat lower for those completing their second phase of ISca with a positive outcomes rate of 51 per cent, reflecting their relative disadvantage compared to ISca1 clients. 

Table 1.5: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	16.1	31.9	48.0	10.0	55.2	36,173	
Highly disadvantaged4	10.6	25.1	35.7	13.3	46.6	35,062	
Age Group (years)						 	
15 to 20	16.6	23.9	40.5	11.1	48.7	10,283	
21 to 24	15.7	26.7	42.4	11.8	51.2	9,380	
25 to 34	16.2	26.5	42.8	12.4	52.4	14,494	
35 to 49	13.8	30.7	44.5	13.0	54.5	22,714	
50 or more	8.9	30.7	39.6	9.8	47.4	14,364	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.6	22.5	42.1	6.6	47.0	3,810	
6 to less than 12	17.0	26.7	43.7	11.3	52.5	2,387	
12 to less than 24	13.9	29.1	43.0	13.4	53.4	17,158	
24 to less than 36	15.0	30.6	45.7	11.8	54.7	15,841	
36 or more	11.1	27.6	38.8	11.1	47.5	30,303	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	10.0	23.1	33.1	9.9	41.4	19,560	
Year 10 or 11	13.7	28.3	42.0	9.2	49.1	24,866	
Year 12	15.3	32.3	47.6	15.5	59.6	8,632	
Post Secondary	15.7	32.7	48.4	14.1	58.7	17,687	
Gender						 	
Males	15.1	23.8	38.9	9.3	46.6	40,915	
Females	11.5	34.7	46.2	14.5	56.8	30,320	
Equity Groups5						 	
Disability	9.1	26.5	35.6	10.9	44.6	10,481	
Indigenous	12.7	18.4	31.1	8.6	38.0	13,992	
CALD6	12.8	26.6	39.4	19.6	55.8	11,627	
Sole Parents	15.2	34.8	50.0	15.3	60.4	9,176	
Total	13.4	28.6	42.0	11.6	51.0	71,235	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.6 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.
Positive outcomes for Intensive Support customised assistance overall were around 55 per cent, similar to  the previous quarter. 

Table 1.6: Intensive Support customised assistance combined: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	20.5	32.7	53.2	11.1	61.1	132,626	
Highly disadvantaged4	13.3	22.9	36.1	14.8	48.4	119,521	
Age Group (years)						 	
15 to 20	20.6	25.8	46.4	14.3	57.1	46,323	
21 to 24	20.9	28.2	49.1	15.0	60.0	30,312	
25 to 34	20.0	26.9	46.8	13.6	57.1	53,218	
35 to 49	17.0	29.7	46.7	13.9	57.6	76,728	
50 or more	11.5	29.1	40.7	9.6	48.4	45,565	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.2	23.0	42.2	14.1	53.6	46,908	
6 to less than 12	20.5	32.2	52.6	13.6	62.8	37,929	
12 to less than 24	17.1	28.7	45.8	13.0	55.9	52,739	
24 to less than 36	15.6	29.1	44.6	12.3	54.2	27,587	
36 or more	13.2	27.6	40.8	12.3	50.4	72,035	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	12.5	21.6	34.1	12.2	44.8	64,657	
Year 10 or 11	16.8	27.7	44.6	10.3	52.4	87,647	
Year 12	20.8	31.6	52.5	16.2	64.4	35,567	
Post Secondary	19.8	32.8	52.6	14.5	63.1	61,515	
Gender						 	
Males	19.7	24.0	43.8	10.0	51.9	136,688	
Females	14.5	32.7	47.2	15.7	58.9	115,458	
Equity Groups5						 	
Disability	11.6	26.1	37.7	10.7	46.2	34,954	
Indigenous	14.9	18.4	33.2	10.4	41.7	50,202	
CALD6	16.0	24.3	40.4	21.2	58.5	43,834	
Sole Parents	17.8	32.0	49.7	15.4	60.9	38,894	
Total	17.1	28.2	45.3	12.8	55.2	252,147	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support job search training
Table 1.7 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support job search training between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.  
Post assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training participants by duration on allowance are not provided because almost all job seekers will access job search training immediately on their entry to the Intensive Support stream of assistance – which usually occurs at the three month mark of unemployment. 
Post-assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training remain strong with positive outcome levels around 61 per cent.   

Table 1.7: Intensive Support job search training: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	24.7	26.3	51.0	21.4	64.8	34,838	
21 to 24	32.1	26.7	58.8	17.1	67.9	27,042	
25 to 34	27.7	25.4	53.1	12.8	61.5	29,880	
35 to 49	22.2	28.4	50.6	12.2	59.0	31,379	
50 or more	21.0	27.0	48.0	8.1	53.5	15,639	
Educational attainment						 	
Less than Year 10	18.5	22.3	40.8	11.3	50.1	15,468	
Year 10 or 11	22.2	25.2	47.3	11.8	55.7	46,472	
Year 12	27.0	28.7	55.7	19.2	66.9	35,404	
Post Secondary	28.7	28.0	56.7	14.7	65.4	41,220	
Gender						 	
Males	29.5	21.4	50.8	11.5	58.4	81,526	
Females	19.8	33.3	53.1	18.1	64.5	57,252	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	18.6	25.0	43.6	10.9	50.8	3,440	
Indigenous	23.9	21.2	45.2	10.7	52.8	4,602	
CALD4	23.5	23.4	46.9	18.5	60.0	20,323	
Sole Parents	13.4	35.5	49.0	15.6	59.6	8,684	
Total	25.1	26.7	51.7	14.6	61.0	138,778	

1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support job search training placements between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Job Placement
Table 1.8 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who were placed into work through a Job Placement outcome between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.  
Post-assistance outcomes for Job Placement have sustained their high levels, with over three-quarters of participants in employment and/or education three months after their original job placement.  Outcomes were around those achieved in the June 2007 quarter. 

Table 1.8: Job Placements: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	50.6	22.3	72.8	22.8	78.1	25,330	
21 to 24	47.9	22.7	70.6	14.7	75.6	14,158	
25 to 34	47.8	25.0	72.8	11.3	76.3	23,019	
35 to 49	44.1	29.7	73.8	8.1	76.5	23,921	
50 or more	41.8	29.8	71.7	4.2	73.4	8,341	
Duration on income support (months) 3		
0 to less than 6	49.0	24.8	73.8	13.6	77.7	29,974	
6 to less than 12	36.9	30.6	67.5	12.1	71.4	9,666	
12 to less than 24	33.6	30.4	64.0	11.9	69.5	7,326	
24 to less than 36	33.2	31.9	65.2	9.5	69.1	3,903	
36 or more	27.8	28.8	56.6	9.9	60.9	5,590	
Educational attainment 3						 	
Less than Year 10	33.9	26.3	60.2	7.6	64.1	7,972	
Year 10 or 11	40.1	27.5	67.6	9.0	71.1	20,999	
Year 12	49.5	25.7	75.3	19.8	80.1	13,025	
Post Secondary	43.2	28.3	71.5	12.9	75.9	13,070	
Gender						 	
Males	53.0	17.9	70.9	10.6	74.2	59,436	
Females	38.1	37.1	75.1	15.3	79.3	35,333	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	25.1	35.7	60.8	8.7	64.6	5,636	
Indigenous	36.5	21.7	58.3	14.4	64.3	3,559	
CALD4	39.6	29.1	68.7	15.5	76.3	5,473	
Sole Parents	26.4	44.7	71.1	10.9	75.3	4,933	
Job Network eligible (FJNE) 5	42.1	27.2	69.4	12.6	73.5	56,459	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO) 6	53.4	24.3	77.7	12.8	80.6	38,310	
Total	46.6	26.1	72.7	12.6	76.4	94,769	
1.	Job seekers who were placed in a Job Network eligible job between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in. Outcomes estimates are based on a 25% sample of job seekers.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Outcomes refer to Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers only as educational attainment and equity group details are not recorded for Job Search Support Only (JSSO) and JSSO job seekers are not on income support.  Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
5.	Includes Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers who may be eligible for other Job Network services.
6.	Includes Job Search Support Only (JSSO) job seekers who are only eligible for Job Search Support services.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

New Enterprise Incentive Scheme
Table 1.9 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS) between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.  
Traditionally NEIS has always experienced higher outcomes compared to other types of labour market assistance.  This is due in part to the careful selection of viable businesses by NEIS providers prior to the commencement in assistance, as well as the characteristics of job seekers involved.
Post-assistance outcomes for NEIS continue to remain strong and well above stated targets.  Unlike some of the other programmes there is not the divergence in outcomes achieved among the different client types.    

Table 1.9: New Enterprise Incentive Scheme: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes3
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	Self Employed2
(%)	
Employed
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	na	na	na	na	na	na	
21 to 24	67.4	21.3	88.7	11.9	93.0	567	
25 to 34	72.0	16.9	88.8	12.5	91.8	1,936	
35 to 49	74.3	12.1	86.3	8.5	88.8	2,442	
50 or more	71.0	11.4	82.4	6.7	84.1	1,042	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	75.7	15.0	90.7	9.1	92.6	2,683	
6 to less than 12	74.4	13.1	87.5	11.0	90.1	1,101	
12 to less than 24	66.4	15.3	81.7	9.5	85.2	799	
24 to less than 36	72.4	10.6	83.0	5.7	85.6	370	
36 or more	65.9	12.4	78.3	9.2	81.1	1,040	
Educational attainment						 	
Less than Year 10	75.1	13.0	88.1	2.1	88.1	301	
Year 10 or 11	64.7	14.3	79.0	5.0	81.0	1,015	
Year 12	68.8	15.6	84.5	9.6	87.0	903	
Post Secondary	74.8	13.7	88.5	11.0	91.3	3,702	
Gender						 	
Males	72.3	13.7	85.9	6.6	87.8	3,278	
Females	72.2	14.3	86.4	12.1	89.4	2,817	
Equity Groups4						 	
Disability	66.9	10.9	77.8	8.2	80.2	624	
Indigenous	na	na	na	na	na	na	
CALD5	73.6	14.4	88.0	8.4	90.6	981	
Sole Parents	69.2	17.2	86.4	10.0	88.1	568	
Total	72.3	14.0	86.2	9.3	88.7	6,095	
1.	Job seekers who left NEIS placements between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.
2.	Includes a small proportion of participants who are self employed but in a business not set up under NEIS. 
3.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
na.        Not available as the estimate is based on a small number of known outcomes.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.  

Work for the Dole
The Work for the Dole (WfD) Programme aims to develop the work habits of participants through involving them in quality projects that are of value to the community.  Employment outcomes are not part of the programme’s immediate objectives but are included here as they demonstrate the success of work experience and increased job search activity.  
Outcomes relate to WfD participants referred to Community Work Coordinators (CWC).  
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up 
to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of projects with different CWC’s before completing their placement.  For the purposes of PPM, job seekers are surveyed whenever they have a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months since their last CWC placement in a 12 month period.  
It should be noted that outcomes levels may change under the APM from pre-APM levels due to changes in the PPM survey methodology.  See the technical notes for more information.

Table 1.10: Work for the Dole: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	15.9	19.2	35.1	14.6	46.4	14,008	
21 to 24	19.3	17.9	37.2	11.2	46.1	19,314	
25 to 34	16.9	17.5	34.4	9.3	41.2	26,253	
35 to 49	12.8	17.6	30.4	9.0	37.2	31,954	
50 or more	5.3	13.9	19.1	9.3	26.0	2,650	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	23.9	18.9	42.8	11.9	51.4	11,959	
6 to less than 12	21.4	19.5	40.9	11.9	49.6	18,221	
12 to less than 24	16.1	18.7	34.8	12.1	44.4	13,497	
24 to less than 36	13.7	17.5	31.2	11.6	40.3	11,968	
36 or more	9.8	16.2	26.0	8.0	32.3	38,376	
Educational attainment					 		
Less than Year 10	11.1	13.3	24.4	7.0	30.1	19,305	
Year 10 or 11	14.0	17.9	31.8	7.6	37.6	34,770	
Year 12	17.4	19.6	37.0	14.5	48.3	16,199	
Post Secondary	17.3	19.4	36.7	12.7	46.0	23,501	
Gender					 		
Males	17.0	14.6	31.7	8.2	38.1	66,264	
Females	10.6	23.9	34.4	13.8	44.7	27,915	
Equity Groups3					 		
Disability	9.0	14.8	23.7	8.6	30.9	8,441	
Indigenous	11.1	11.5	22.6	10.7	30.8	8,532	
CALD4	15.2	16.9	32.1	13.6	43.1	12,743	
Sole Parents	7.3	25.2	32.5	13.0	42.2	1,995	
Total	14.9	17.6	32.5	10.1	40.2	94,179	
1.	Job seekers who left a Work for the Dole project between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) assist job seekers who have an injury, disability or health condition to enable them to work independently in the workforce.  It combines vocational rehabilitation with employment assistance.    

Table 1.11 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left VRS assistance between 
1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 September 2007.

Around 46 per cent of those who exited assistance were in employment and/or education/training three months following assistance.  Outcomes for Indigenous and Sole Parent participants in particular are encouraging. 

Table 1.11: Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	17.7	23.5	41.2	25.1	55.8	618	
21 to 24	22.7	23.0	45.8	20.1	57.9	984	
25 to 34	23.5	22.9	46.5	14.0	54.4	2,872	
35 to 49	16.7	25.4	42.1	10.5	48.7	6,582	
50 or more	10.4	23.0	33.5	6.2	37.3	5,045	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	21.3	25.6	46.9	10.5	52.4	6,917	
6 to less than 12	18.3	22.7	41.0	8.9	47.0	1,607	
12 to less than 24	13.3	24.0	37.3	9.0	43.5	1,741	
24 to less than 36	9.5	23.8	33.3	8.9	39.7	1,132	
36 or more	8.1	22.1	30.2	10.8	37.5	4,704	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	8.8	19.0	27.9	6.3	32.2	2,824	
Year 10 or 11	14.2	23.5	37.7	8.0	42.9	4,614	
Year 12	16.0	24.6	40.6	14.1	48.9	1,998	
Post Secondary	20.1	25.5	45.7	12.1	52.6	4,376	
Gender						 	
Males	19.2	20.1	39.3	8.1	44.3	9,906	
Females	10.3	29.4	39.8	13.1	47.6	6,193	
Equity Groups3						 	
Indigenous	18.7	20.3	39.0	12.5	48.5	418	
CALD4	10.9	20.7	31.6	9.6	38.8	2,842	
Sole Parents	12.8	33.5	46.3	19.7	58.0	540	
Total	15.5	24.0	39.5	10.2	45.7	16,101	
1.	Job seekers who left Vocational Rehabilitation Services between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.  Outcomes for job seekers with a disability are reflected in the Total figure.  
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Personal Support Programme
The Personal Support Programme (PSP) is a pre-employment programme designed to assist job seekers with multiple non-vocational that are preventing them from getting a job or benefiting from employment assistance programmes such as Job Network, Vocational Rehabilitation Services or the Disability Employment Network. The assistance provides participants with time and support to address their barriers, while staying connected to the economic and social life of the community.   

Table 1.12 reports outcomes for participants in PSP who exited assistance during the period 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved up to 
30 September 2007.  
Despite catering to participants facing significant barriers, outcomes remain relatively high in relation to comparable programmes with around 23 per cent of participants in employment and/or education/training three months following assistance.

Table 1.12: Personal Support Programme: Post assistance outcomes year to end September 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	7.3	14.0	21.3	11.7	29.4	2,322	
21 to 24	9.5	9.8	19.3	9.9	26.0	3,713	
25 to 34	8.7	10.0	18.7	7.9	24.6	9,488	
35 to 49	6.9	10.5	17.4	6.5	22.6	11,407	
50 or more	4.4	11.1	15.5	5.6	19.5	4,051	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	11.8	13.0	24.8	8.9	30.7	5,385	
6 to less than 12	10.6	11.5	22.1	9.0	29.0	4,007	
12 to less than 24	7.9	11.8	19.6	7.8	25.3	5,462	
24 to less than 36	6.2	11.1	17.4	7.2	22.7	3,805	
36 or more	3.9	8.6	12.5	5.8	17.2	12,066	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	4.3	7.4	11.7	5.3	16.1	9,716	
Year 10 or 11	7.1	10.8	17.9	6.1	22.6	10,630	
Year 12	8.1	13.3	21.4	10.0	28.3	3,695	
Post Secondary	10.1	12.7	22.9	9.8	29.9	6,744	
Gender						 	
Males	8.6	7.8	16.4	5.8	20.9	19,347	
Females	5.1	14.5	19.6	9.3	26.3	11,623	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	6.7	9.9	16.6	6.1	21.2	13,663	
Indigenous	5.9	6.8	12.8	6.2	18.0	3,215	
CALD4	4.4	8.7	13.1	9.7	21.2	3,710	
Sole Parents	3.1	17.4	20.5	8.3	26.0	1,377	
Total	7.1	10.6	17.8	7.3	23.2	30,981	
1.	Job seekers who left a Personal Support Programme placement between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance

An important measure of the effectiveness of employment assistance includes the longer-term trends in outcomes.  It provides an assessment of whether over the period of operation of an intervention the service providers have developed effective servicing strategies.
These outcomes can be influenced by a range of exogenous factors such as the strength of the labour market, the distribution of available jobs and the position of the economy within the economic cycle.
Similarly it would be expected that in the period following the introduction of a new intervention, outcomes will increase at a faster rate than interventions that have been in place for a longer period of time, as effective servicing strategies are developed.  
Figure 2.1, provides positive outcome results for the main employment services provided over the last six years (from March 2001).  For those interventions superseded by Active Participation Model assistance, the services they superseded are also included.  There is a break in the series of between three and five quarter during the transition from ESC2 to ESC3 for these interventions.  This was due to the fact that there were insufficient PPM survey responses to provide for robust outcome estimates.
It can be seen that outcomes for the suite of Job Network and Work for the Dole services have generally continued to trend up from the outcomes achieved under ESC2.  
Some of the growth can be attributed to changes to the methodology used for the Post Programme Monitoring survey.  See the technical notes at the end of this report for further information. 

Figure 2.1:  has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.  Positive outcomes for: Job Matching/Job Placement (JM/JP); Job Search Training/Intensive Support job search training (JST/ISjst); Intensive Assistance/Intensive Support customised assistance (IA/ISca); New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS); and Work for the Dole (WfD) for Post Programme Monitoring outcomes from March 2001 to September 2007.  Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.

Outcomes for Ex-offender job seekers

Ex-offenders are those who have been convicted of a crime but have re-entered the workforce and are seeking employment.  This includes those who served a custodial sentence and those who had a non-custodial sentence.  As of September 2007, there were over 117,000 ex-offenders in Job Network.

The study found that ex-offender job seekers  generally had a number of other disadvantages and 

were more likely to be Male, Indigenous, or disabled than those who were not ex-offenders.  The higher level of disadvantage exhibited by the ex-offender participants is reflected in their JSCI distribution with almost twice as many (as a proportion) achieving a score of 36 or more compared to non ex-offenders (Figure 2.2).

Despite the barriers that they face, ex-offender outcomes were encouraging and not much lower than for non ex-offenders (Figure 2.3).

Figure 2.2has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 2.3: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Outcomes for ex-offender job seekers (continued) 
Encouragingly, ex-offenders were more likely to achieve successful job placements, however, these were generally in lower skilled type professions such as labourers and related worker jobs.

Ex-offenders received a high level of assistance under the job seeker account, receiving around $250 more on average than non ex-offender job seekers. 

Figure 2.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 2.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance

Type of labour market assistance
Table 3.1 shows the commencements in employment assistance for the year to end September 2006 and the year to end September 2007.  
It is evident that commencements in Job Network (Job Search Support, job search training and customised assistance) have fallen from the level  achieved in the year to September 2006.  This reflects the general strength of the labour market as evidenced by the fall of Newstart Allowance and Youth Allowance (other) job seekers outlined on page 1 (also see page 26). 
Community Work Placements have fallen from the previous year with many commencing in Work for the Dole instead.

Table 3.1: Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years1
	Year to end September 2006	Year to end September 2007	
Labour market assistance	Commencements
(number)	Commencements
(number)	
Job Search Support2	486,754	401,358	
Intensive Support3	377,114	363,827	
	job search training	119,415	109,393	
	first customised assistance (ISca1)	175,208	170,428	
	second customised assistance (ISca2)	82,437	62,947	
Job Placement	639,952	634,705	
NEIS	6,066	6,579	
Work for the Dole	91,131	86,042	
Community Work Placements	2,945	715	
IEP – STEP	3,742	6,344	
IEP - Wage Assistance	2,533	3,081	
Disability Employment Network	23,619	29,808	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services	29,587	28,957	
Personal Support Programme	29,600	29,152	
1.	Commencement or placement of job seekers in labour market assistance funded by DEWR for the two years of 1 October 2005 to 
30 September 2006 and 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007.  
2.	Job seekers with a registered Vocational Profile in the year up to 30 September 2006 and 30 September 2007.  
3.	Job seekers who commenced any phase of assistance within the Intensive Support stream.

Source: DEWR administrative systems

Participation in Job Network assistance
Access to services and programmes by job seekers with different characteristics will depend on their eligibility and on their assessed capacity to benefit from the assistance provided.
Job seekers with particular characteristics may be under-represented in some types of assistance but over-represented in others.  Hence, it is important to look at all types of assistance in assessing equity of assistance.  
Table 3.2 shows, for the range of Job Network services and the job seeker characteristics of those who received assistance in the year up to 30 September 2007.  Also provided is the demographic distribution of the Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) population at 30 September 2007.
Older job seekers’ participation in employment assistance remains lower than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population.  This is generally indicative of the alternatives available to these job seekers to meet their participation requirements as well the higher level of exemptions among these job seekers.  
The proportion of short-term unemployed job seekers (i.e. on income support for less than six months) in Job Search Support is influenced by the proportion of Job Search Support Only job seekers who have had a Vocational Profile completed, but may not be on income support.  

Table 3.2: Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics: September 20071
	Newstart/Youth Allowance (other) recipients 	Employment Assistance type	
Job seeker characteristics		Job Search 
Support2
(%)	Job 
Placement3
 (%)	Intensive 
Support
(%)	
Age group (years)					
15 to 20 	12.0	23.6	19.1	22.9	
21 to 24	13.6	11.1	15.5	14.1	
25 to 34	23.6	20.8	24.4	21.1	
35 to 49	28.6	30.2	28.6	27.7	
50 or more	22.3	14.3	12.4	14.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)					
0 to less than 6	23.0	89.0	37.2	56.3	
6 to less than 12	13.9	4.0	18.6	14.0	
12 to less than 24	16.1	2.9	19.6	12.5	
24 to less than 36	11.2	1.4	9.4	6.3	
36 or more	35.9	2.9	15.1	10.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment					
Less than Year 10	22.5	15.5	16.5	20.5	
Year 10 or 11	33.5	32.2	36.9	36.2	
Year 12	17.1	24.2	19.5	19.0	
Post secondary	25.1	28.1	27.2	24.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Gender					
Male	60.8	46.9	61.9	52.4	
Female	39.1	53.1	38.1	47.6	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups4					
Disability	16.6	4.9	7.1	6.8	
Indigenous	10.6	6.9	8.0	14.4	
CALD5	17.5	19.7	13.2	14.6	
Sole parents	2.6	9.2	7.2	9.8	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007.
2.	Commencements in Job Search Support measured through the demographic distribution of registered Vocational Profiles in the year up to 
30 September 2007.
3.	Demographic breakdown of Job Placements in the year up to 30 September 2007. 
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in NEIS
Table 3.3 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing NEIS.  This is shown only for those on an eligible allowance, such as Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older.  
NEIS is not targeted directly at job seekers with any particular characteristics.  Given the nature of the programme, however, some types of job seekers are less likely to participate in NEIS than others.  This is particularly the case for groups such as youth (those aged 15 – 20) and the equity groups.  On the other hand persons with a post secondary education participate in NEIS at a higher rate than their proportion of the eligible population. 

 Table 3.3: Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics year to end September 20071

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for NEIS2
(%)	Commencement in NEIS
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.0	1.8	
21 to 24	14.0	8.8	
25 to 34	24.4	30.2	
35 to 49	29.6	41.1	
50 or more	23.0	18.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	21.9	49.5	
6 to less than 12	13.5	24.9	
12 to less than 24	16.0	12.8	
24 to less than 36	11.5	5.7	
36 or more	37.1	7.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	22.3	5.3	
Year 10 or 11	33.5	18.5	
Year 12	17.9	17.4	
Post secondary	26.2	58.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	61.3	53.3	
Female	38.7	46.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	17.0	8.0	
Indigenous	10.3	1.7	
CALD4	18.0	15.9	
Sole parents	2.6	7.5	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in NEIS from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) and 18 or over as at 30 September 2007. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in Work for the Dole
Table 3.4 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing Work for the Dole (WfD). This is shown only for those on the activity tested payments Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older. 
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs 
before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
WfD tends to exhibit different patterns in participation from NEIS with younger job seekers proportionally over-represented in the participating population in relation to their eligibility, while job seekers unemployed for less than six months were under-represented.  Again this reflects the unique eligibility requirements of the programme. 

Table 3.4: Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics year to end September 20071

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for Work for Dole2
(%)	Commencement in Work for the Dole
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.0	15.4	
21 to 24	14.0	20.1	
25 to 34	24.4	27.4	
35 to 49	29.6	33.7	
50 or more	23.0	3.4	
Total	100.0	100	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	21.9	5.5	
6 to less than 12	13.5	26.1	
12 to less than 24	16.0	13.8	
24 to less than 36	11.5	12.9	
36 or more	37.1	41.8	
Total	100.0	100	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	22.3	20.8	
Year 10 or 11	33.5	37.8	
Year 12	17.9	17.1	
Post secondary	26.2	24.3	
Total	100.0	100	
Gender			
Male	61.3	69.4	
Female	38.7	30.6	
Total	100.0	100	
Equity groups3			
Disability	17.0	7.5	
Indigenous	10.3	10.0	
CALD4	18.0	13.0	
Sole parents	2.6	0.5	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in Work for the Dole from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 September 2007. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region

Participation in labour market assistance by region
This section presents data on participation by job seekers in labour market assistance for the DEWR Labour Market Regions. A map of DEWR regions is included in the Technical Notes of this report. 
Reporting at a regional level is restricted to the main types of Job Network assistance and Work for the Dole.

Table 4.1 provides details of placements in Job Placement jobs and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.
The number of placements and commencements in the various types of labour market assistance will depend on the size of the region, labour market conditions and the relative disadvantage of job seekers in the region. 

Table 4.1: Commencements in labour market assistance by region: September 20071
DEWR Region	Job Search Support
(Number)	Job Placements
(Number)	Intensive Support
(Number)	Work for the Dole
(Number)	
Sydney	73,123	88,534	57,789	13,967	
Hunter and North Coast	27,898	45,318	30,764	10,533	
Illawarra and SE NSW	12,559	18,507	12,422	4,517	
Western NSW	12,285	26,266	13,544	3,299	
Riverina	5,254	11,247	5,598	1,396	
New South Wales	131,119	189,872	120,117	33,712	
Melbourne	71,520	98,467	56,941	12,370	
Eastern Victoria	9,798	21,039	9,615	3,190	
Western Victoria	16,054	30,367	16,331	5,138	
Victoria	97,372	149,873	82,887	20,698	
Brisbane	57,085	96,754	44,028	7,735	
Southern Queensland	12,952	20,154	14,228	4,040	
Central and Northern QLD	19,600	33,973	18,754	3,631	
Queensland	89,637	150,881	77,010	15,406	
Perth	18,857	33,709	16,140	2,232	
South Western Australia	4,849	8,194	4,217	816	
Greater Western Australia	6,771	7,435	9,747	644	
Western Australia	30,477	49,338	30,104	3,048	
Adelaide	23,151	44,092	19,979	4,775	
South Australia Country	10,095	17,966	10,853	3,031	
South Australia	33,246	62,058	30,832	7,806	
					
Tasmania	9,663	20,705	10,962	3,431	
					
Northern Territory	6,051	6,322	9,730	733	
					
Australian Capital Territory	3,792	5,656	2,180	564	
					
Australia	401,358	634,705	363,827	86,042	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance and Work for the Dole from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Labour market assistance by region
Table 4.2 shows the proportion of Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) recipients as at 30 September 2007 compared to the proportion of Job Network eligible Job Placements and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.  This is provided on a DEWR regional and State and Territory basis. 

Table 4.2: Comparison of labour market assistance by region year to end September 2007
DEWR Region	Newstart/ Youth Allowance (Other) recipients1
(%)	Job Search Support2
(%)	Intensive Support2
(%)	Work for 
the Dole2
(%)	
Sydney	16.9	18.2	15.9	16.2	
Hunter and North Coast	8.2	7.0	8.5	12.2	
Illawarra and SE NSW	3.6	3.1	3.4	5.2	
Western NSW	3.7	3.1	3.7	3.8	
Riverina	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.6	
New South Wales	33.8	32.7	33.0	39.2	
Melbourne	17.3	17.8	15.7	14.4	
Eastern Victoria	2.8	2.4	2.6	3.7	
Western Victoria	4.7	4.0	4.5	6.0	
Victoria	24.8	24.3	22.8	24.1	
Brisbane	11.1	14.2	12.1	9.0	
Southern Queensland	3.0	3.2	3.9	4.7	
Central and Northern QLD	4.4	4.9	5.2	4.2	
Queensland	18.5	22.3	21.2	17.9	
Perth	4.7	4.7	4.4	2.6	
South Western Australia	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.7	
Greater Western Australia	1.7	1.7	2.7	0.9	
Western Australia	7.5	7.6	8.3	3.5	
Adelaide	5.9	5.8	5.5	5.5	
South Australia Country	2.5	2.5	3.0	3.5	
South Australia	8.4	8.3	8.5	9.1	
					
Tasmania	3.4	2.4	3.0	4.0	
					
Northern Territory	2.7	1.5	2.7	0.9	
					
Australian Capital Territory	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.7	
					
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

1.	Job Seekers receiving Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 September 2007.
2.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance or Work for the Dole from 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2007.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Employment outcomes by region
Table 4.3 presents employment outcomes for job seekers who ceased assistance between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 September 2007.  Employment outcomes are for Job Placement, Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole.  Job Placement outcomes include both Fully Job Network Eligible and Job Search Support Only job seekers.  Outcomes are presented on a DEWR regional, State and Territory and national basis. 

Table 4.3:  Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes year to end September 20071
DEWR Region	Job Placement2
(%)
	Intensive Support job search training3 (%)	Intensive Support customised assistance3 (%)	Intensive Support4
(%)	Work for 
the Dole3
(%)	
Sydney	69.4	46.0	39.4	43.9	29.6	
Hunter and North Coast	72.5	46.6	44.7	52.4	28.9	
Illawarra and SE NSW	79.1	49.5	45.6	54.1	34.0	
Western NSW	73.7	49.2	39.7	43.4	21.9	
Riverina	74.6	47.7	43.0	54.4	29.0	
New South Wales	72.2	46.9	41.7	47.9	29.3	
Melbourne	71.4	52.4	45.8	54.8	34.2	
Eastern Victoria	65.8	50.0	47.4	54.3	29.9	
Western Victoria	74.2	50.7	47.2	55.4	28.8	
Victoria	71.1	51.7	46.3	54.9	32.4	
Brisbane	75.9	59.3	52.4	61.6	42.0	
Southern Queensland	73.6	50.7	45.7	54.7	32.3	
Central and Northern QLD	72.5	54.2	45.6	55.7	35.6	
Queensland	75.1	57.5	49.1	58.8	38.3	
Perth	72.7	62.0	53.1	62.5	36.4	
South Western Australia	76.9	53.2	50.8	55.0	41.8	
Greater Western Australia	75.3	55.3	39.2	58.7	31.3	
Western Australia	74.1	59.8	48.9	60.9	37.0	
Adelaide	70.0	53.9	51.3	56.4	35.6	
South Australia Country	75.4	49.4	44.9	56.0	30.7	
South Australia	71.7	52.7	49.2	56.2	33.8	
						
Tasmania	68.6	50.8	47.1	50.0	30.2	
						
Northern Territory	77.9	52.3	28.3	42.2	22.3	
						
Australian Capital Territory	58.2	58.0	55.8	67.5	37.1	
	 	 	 	 	 	
Australia	72.7	51.7	45.3	53.9	32.5	
1.	Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.  
2.	Job Placement outcomes are for job seekers placed in an eligible Job Placement job between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in.  
3.	Post assistance employment outcomes relate to job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training or Work for the Dole between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.  
4.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 30 June 2006 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 September 2007.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients

Number of income support recipients
An important goal of employment assistance is to reduce or remove employment barriers experienced by job seekers so they can compete effectively for jobs.  Higher levels of employment assistance are provided to the most disadvantaged job seekers. 
While this report focuses mainly on the outcomes achieved by individual forms of assistance, it is also important to note that other factors, such as administrative/policy changes and economic conditions, also have a significant impact on the number of income support recipients.
Figure 5.1 shows the changes over time in the number of working age allowance recipients.     There has been a fall in the number of allowee recipients over time, driven largely by a fall in the number of NewStart recipients.  Data on income support recipients show that in the 12 months to the end of September 2007, the number of people in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 46,000 to just under 498,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients decreased by around 24,200 recipients while the number of short-term recipients decreased by around 21,400. 
On the other hand the number of Carer Pension and Disability Support Pension (DSP) recipients has risen over the period January 1998 to September 2007.
The number of Parenting Payment Partnered clients fell by around 65 per cent between July 2000 to June 2001.  This drop was largely due to the basic component of Parenting Payment Partnered being incorporated into Family Tax Benefit Part B.  Since July 2000 the number of Parenting Payment Partnered recipients has continued to fall.

Figure 5.1: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Figures quoted in the text are from the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations: “Labour Market and Related Payments a monthly profile, September 2007”.

  Source: Trend series based on data from DEWR administrative system.

Off-Benefit outcomes
The impact of assistance can also be assessed by examining the income support status of participants after they leave assistance.  
Figure 5.2 shows the off-benefit status of job seekers three and six months after they had exited employment assistance.  
Off-benefit outcomes are only measured for clients who were in receipt of Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) (i.e. activity tested beneficiaries) when they commenced their employment assistance placement.  Other clients on non-activity tested benefits have different allowable earnings thresholds and their inclusion has the potential to distort the results.  
The majority of job seekers who move off income support do so for employment, particularly full-time employment.  For most programmes, however, off-benefit outcomes levels are generally slightly lower than employment outcomes levels.  This reflects the fact that three months after exiting an employment assistance placement the proportion of people in part-time work who remain on benefits is somewhat larger than the proportion that have moved off income support for reasons other than employment (e.g. leaving the labour market).  
Three month off-benefit outcomes tend to mirror what is found in relation to employment outcomes, with those programmes that achieve high employment outcomes achieving high three months off-benefit outcomes. Those that achieve high off-benefit outcomes at three months experience little change at the six month mark.  This indicates that for these programmes the benefits happen relatively shortly after completing the programme.   
For other programmes, particularly those targeted at the more disadvantaged, it is evident that there is a substantial rise in off-benefit levels between three and six months after leaving assistance.  This indicates that the benefits of programme participation tend to take longer to materialise for the job seeker.  Notwithstanding this longer lead time, strong off-benefit outcomes are achieved for most programmes.  
Off-benefit outcomes for Intensive Support are particularly strong.  Over half of the in-scope Intensive Support population were off Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) six months after they became in-scope.  

Figure 5.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and were not on income support three months later.
2.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and were not on income support six  months later.  

Technical Notes

Data sources, sampling, further assistance and survey results
Data Sources
The department uses a number of data sources to determine the outcomes achieved by job seekers during and after they have ceased labour market assistance.  The two main data sources are the Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) survey and the department’s administrative database held within the Integrated Employment System (IES).
PPM surveys have been undertaken since 1987 and are used to assess the labour force and education status of former programme participants three months after they exit assistance.  The IES records details of placements, commencements and paid outcomes for labour market assistance.
Survey Sampling
With the introduction of the Active Participation Model (APM) in July 2003 the PPM methodology was subjected to revision.  Prior to the APM, a full enumeration of clients exiting programmes and not in further assistance was attempted (with the exception of Intensive Assistance and Job Matching which were based on 25% samples).
From July 2003 onwards, the PPM survey uses a sampling approach to assess the performance of all employment assistance.  For all programmes except Job Placement, a 25% sample of clients in the following categories is undertaken:
a) clients found to be on full-rate of Newstart or Youth Allowance(Other) and/or in a subsequent programme placement (also known as ‘further assistance’) at the time they are due to be surveyed;
b) clients who achieved a 13 week payable outcome after receiving assistance under Intensive Support; and
c) clients who have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support (IS) without exiting.
The PPM outcome of clients in category (b) is recorded as employed or in education based on the type of payable outcome they achieved.  These clients are only surveyed to obtain supplementary information about their labour force and education status.  A full enumeration of clients not in categories a, b, or c is attempted.
For clients who were placed in a job through Job Placement, a survey of 25% of clients is undertaken.

Further Assistance
A client is defined as being in further assistance if, at the time they are due to be surveyed, the client is found to have commenced a subsequent placement.  Intensive Support itself is not counted as further assistance unless the client moves between providers for whatever reason.
As outlined previously, a 25% sample of clients found to be in further assistance is currently included in the survey.  Prior to the commencement of the APM, clients in further assistance were not surveyed and their outcomes were simply recorded as ‘in further assistance’.  While these clients may have potentially been either in a part time job and/or in education, these outcomes were not captured as these clients were not surveyed.  Under the new sampling methodology these outcomes can now be recorded.
The impact on PPM results of surveying job seekers in further assistance will vary amongst the programmes.  Programmes such as TTW and NEIS will see little impact on their outcomes results given that few of their participants proceeded to further assistance.  For other programs, the impacts will vary, but any variations will generally be modest.
Comparisons with pre-APM outcomes
In addition to the limitations outlined above in the ‘Further Assistance’ section, care should also be taken when comparing outcomes achieved for services delivered under the APM with outcomes for similar pre-APM Job Network services.  This is because similar types of assistance (eg Intensive Assistance delivered under ESC rounds 1 and 2, and Intensive Support customised assistance delivered under the APM), will have differences in client mix and the type, and way, in which services are delivered to clients.
Intensive Support population
The population used for the calculation of IS outcomes includes those clients who, in any given reporting period first: a) exited IS, b) began a 13 week period leading to an outcome or intermediate payment; or c) reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in IS without exiting.
Clients are surveyed after 12, 24 and 36 months participation to avoid potential biases in the calculation of outcomes results.  If these clients were not surveyed as they progressed through IS, outcomes would be overstated as those not achieving outcomes would remain in assistance and not enter the survey.  From the December 2005 quarter onwards, outcomes are reported for the Intensive Support population as a whole as well as being broken down to the 12 and 24 month sub samples.  
In addition, if a client is due to be surveyed during /after their participation in IS, or after participating in ISca or ISjst, and is found to have been surveyed in the last 3 months, then their outcome will be set to the outcome (if it is known) that was obtained when they were surveyed previously.
Survey results
Aside from IS, ISjst and ISca, where PPM results are based on a combination of survey responses and payable outcomes data, all outcome estimates are based on survey responses.  The overall response rate for the PPM survey, at around 60%, provides outcomes estimates that are generally accurate to within plus or minus 1 percentage point at the National level.

Labour Market Assistance Descriptions
Intensive Support stream:  provides individually tailored assistance for up to 42 months for eligible job seekers.  Under Intensive Support a job seeker can have access to the general Intensive Support assistance, Intensive Support job search training and/or Intensive Support customised assistance.
Intensive Support (IS):  assistance will be provided during periods between ISjst, ISmo and ISca.  During these periods, job seekers will continue to have access to job search assistance and facilities at their Job Network member site, guidance in relation to job search and the regular updating of their vocational profile.  
Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca):  provides for six months of assistance tailored to the jobseekers’ individual needs and to available jobs opportunities.  Job seekers who are most disadvantaged (as determined by their JSCI score) receive immediate access to ISca.  Other job seekers will be eligible to receive ISca assistance after 12 months of unemployment.  
Intensive Support job search training (ISjst):  provides training for up to 100 hours (over three weeks) in job search techniques and job application skills to give unemployed people the skills and confidence to improve their job search skills, motivation and expand their job search networks.  Mature age and Indigenous job seekers have immediate access to ISjst on registration for unemployment allowance.  
Intensive Support mutual obligation (ISmo):  occurs at the same time that a job seeker’s ordinary mutual obligation requirements commence.  The objective of Job Network services during these periods is to ensure that job seekers continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job Placement services refer suitable job seekers to vacancies and canvass and list job vacancies on the Australian Job Search database.  DEWR licensed 
recruitment agencies, Job Placement Organisation (JPOs), are in a position to provide Job Placement service to eligible job seekers. Job Network members are licensed as JPOs. 
New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS): provides support and training for eligible job seekers who wish to pursue the option of self-employment. 
Indigenous Employment Programme: replaced the Training for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders Programme (TAP) and has several components. It includes Wage Assistance which is a wage subsidy paid to employers over 26 weeks providing on-going employment. In Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), employers in the private sector and regional and community based employment sponsor organisations provide jobs, generally involving accredited training or a traineeship. 
Indigenous Employment Centres: help Community Development Employment Project participants find employment.
Work for the Dole: provides assistance for job seekers to develop work habits, generic work skills and work experience by participating in community projects and activities for up to 26 weeks over a 12 month period.
Community Work placements: assist job seekers to gain skills and work experience and provides access to additional benefits such as Training Credits and Passport to Employment after participating in voluntary work for a specified number of hours. 
Training accounts: help mature age and indigenous job seekers who participate in Intensive Support or Indigenous Employment Centres improve their employment prospects through the provision of training. 
Training Credits: provide job seekers who participate in a Work for the Dole or Community Work Placement for between 16 and 26 weeks with a training credit which can be used to pay for additional training.
Vocational rehabilitation Services: provides assistance to job seekers who have an injury, disability or health condition. It combines vocational rehabilitation with employment assistance.
Personal Support Programme: a pre-employment programme designed to assist job seekers with multiple non-vocational barriers.
Disability Employment Network: provides assistance to job seekers with a disability, focusing on achieving sustained employment outcomes.

General Definitions
AJS, Australian JobSearch (http://jobsearch.gov.au): lists all job vacancies notified to the Job Network and provides contact details for Job Network members.  It is available in Centrelink and at Job Network member offices and through the DEWR Internet site (http://www.workplace.gov.au).
Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) is a programme aimed at providing activities that; improve participants employability, develop business opportunities and contribute to community needs.  The overall aim is to support Indigenous Australians achieve economic independence.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a CDEP after leaving labour market assistance. 
Community Work Coordinators: are contracted to develop Community Work placements and Work for the Dole projects/activities and manage the placement of eligible job seekers into those projects/activities.
Educational attainment: refers to the highest educational level completed by job seekers. 
Eligible vacancy: is a job vacancy listed on the Australian Job Search database that is eligible for a payment under Job Network.
Further assistance: includes job seekers who proceed to another DEWR or DEST funded employment programme or service within three months of exiting employment assistance. It includes commencements in Intensive Support job search training (ISjst), Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca), New Apprenticeships, NEIS, Work for the Dole, Green Corps, Advanced English for Migrants Programme (AEMP) and the STEP and Wage Assistance components of the Indigenous Employment Policy.  A job seeker who is in the general Intensive Support or Job Search Support streams of assistance are not regarded as being in further assistance.  
Income support recipients: includes job seekers registered with Centrelink as unemployed and in receipt of Newstart Allowance (NSA) or job seekers aged 15 to 24 not in full-time education and in receipt of Youth Allowance (Other) (YA). 

Job Search Support Only (JSSO): refers to those job seekers, irrespective of their income support status, who are eligible for only Job Search Support services and no other form of Job Network services.  JSSO job seekers can renew their registration as unemployed every three months with either Centrelink or their Job Network member. 
Job placements: include placements provided under Job Search Support and job placements under Intensive Support customised assistance.
Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE): refers to those job seekers who are eligible to receive the full suite of Job Network services.  Any unemployed person receiving Newstart Allowance or Youth Allowance (Other) or another form of qualifying income support payment and young people not in full-time study irrespective of income support are eligible for Job Network assistance.  CDEP participants are also eligible for Job Network services.
Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI): a measurement of a job seeker’s relative disadvantage in obtaining employment – because of their personal circumstance and labour market skills – and is used to determine the level of labour market assistance required. 
People from Culturally And Linguistic Diverse backgrounds (CALD): refers to people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds, where the main language spoken is not English.
Work for the Dole (WfD) commencement: involves a job seeker participating in a WfD activity for up to six months over a 12-month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
Work for the Dole exit: for the purposes of PPM, occurs when a job seeker has a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months and in relation to their last CWC placement in the 12 month period.  Clients exiting WfD will be subsequently surveyed. 

Regional Coverage
Regions used in this report are based on the 19 labour market regions used in contracting for DEWR programmes and services.

DEWR labour market regions

Perth
Southern WA
Greater WA
Northern Teritory
SA Country
Adelaide
Central and Northern QLD
Southern QLD
Brisbane
Western NSW
Hunter and North Coast
Sydney
ACT
Riverina
Illawarra and South East NSW
Eastern Victoria
Melbourne
Western Victoria
Tasmania