Labour Market 
Assistance Outcomes
Year ending June 2006	
This report contains information about placements, commencements and post labour market assistance outcomes achieved for employment services managed by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations.
Main features
Outcomes	
The positive outcomes (employment and/or education/training) rates achieved in the year ending June 2006, three months after leaving assistance were:
•	76% for Job Placement;
•	60% for Intensive Support job search training;
•	54% for Intensive Support customised assistance;
•	61% for Intensive Support;
•	86% for New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS);
•	41% for Work for the Dole;
•	44% for Community Work Placements;
•	63% for Indigenous Employment Programme Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP);
•	68% for Indigenous Employment Programme Wage Assistance;
•	62% for Indigenous Employment Centres; and
•	56% for Transition to Work.	

Job Vacancies	
In the year to end June 2006, 2,098,000 vacancies were notified on the Australian Job Search database, of which over 1,017,000 were lodged by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations (including vacancies lodged through the Internet and Teleservicing).	

Job Placements	
In the year to end June 2006, 638,200 Job Network eligible job seekers were placed into Job Placement vacancies by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations.	

Commencements	
In the year to 31 June 2006, commencements in the various types of labour market assistance included:
•	491,600 in Job Search Support;
•	366,300 in Intensive Support;
•	6,500 in NEIS;
•	6,200 in the STEP and Wage Assistance elements of the Indigenous Employment Programme;
•	3,600 in Indigenous Employment Centres;
•	87,100 in Work for the Dole; 
•	3,500 in Community Work Placement; and
•	11,200 in Transition to Work.	

Income Support	
In the year to end June 2006, the number of job seekers in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 19,000 to just over 549,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients (ie on allowances for 12 months or more) decreased by almost 10,000 to around 322,800 while the number of short-term recipients decreased by over 9,000 to around 226,700.	

In this issue	
Changes to the Employment Services Market 	Page 3

Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes	Page 4
Table 1.1 Post assistance labour market outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 4
Table 1.2 Post assistance employment and positive outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 5
Table 1.3 Intensive Support 12 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 6
Table 1.4 Intensive Support 24 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 7
Table 1.5 Intensive Support combined samples: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 8
Table 1.6 Intensive Support customised assistance: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 9
Table 1.7 Intensive Support job search training: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 10
Table 1.8 Job Placement: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 11
Table 1.9 New Enterprise Incentive Scheme: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 12
Table 1.10 Work for the Dole: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 2006	Page 13
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance 	Page 14
Figure 2.1 Trends in outcomes for employment services 2000 – 2006	Page 14
Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance	Page 15
Table 3.1 Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years	Page 15
Table 3.2 Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics: June 2006	Page 16
Table 3.3 AJS Vacancies and Job Placements by industry and ASCO codes: June 2006	Page 17
Table 3.4 Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics year to end June 2006	Page 18
Table 3.5 Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics year to end June 2006	Page 19
Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region	Page 20
Table 4.1 Commencements in labour market assistance by region: June 2006	Page 20
Table 4.2 Job Placements by region: June 2006	Page 21
Table 4.3 Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes year to end June 2006 	Page 22
Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients	Page 23
Figure 5.1 Number of income support recipients 	Page 23
Figure 5.2 Three and six month off-benefit status of job seekers following assistance 	Page 24
Technical Notes	Page 25	
Time periods used in this report	
The Department’s Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) Survey measures outcomes achieved by job seekers three months after they exit labour market assistance.  This report contains outcomes data for job seekers who exited assistance in the 12 months to 31 March 2005 and their post assistance outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
Intensive Support post assistance outcomes should not be confused with paid interim or paid final outcomes.  Post assistance outcomes are all employment and education outcomes while paid outcomes relate to a subset of employment and education outcomes where Job Network members receive payment for outcomes. 
Commencement and placement data, derived from DEWR and Centrelink administrative systems, relate to job seekers who were placed in a job or commenced labour market assistance between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006 and 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2005.  	
	
More information……	
For further information, please contact Michael Cameron (02) 6121 7240 or e-mail sarah.crooks@dewr.gov.au.

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Department of Employment and Workplace Relations 
http://www.workplace.gov.au/	

Changes to the Employment Services Market

The Active Participation Model
On 1 July 2003, significant changes were introduced to the employment services market.  The Active Participation Model (announced in the 2002–03 Budget) provides on-going customised service to job seekers and has a number of innovative features, such as a Job Seeker Account to fund preparation of job seekers for work. 
Participation in the Active Participation Model
On registration with Centrelink, each eligible job seeker is referred to a single Job Network member who will provide services to them while they remain eligible for assistance or get a job.  This includes ongoing assistance during the early stages of a job seekers new job.  Two services are delivered by all Job Network members under the Active Participation Model:
•	Job Search Support; and
•	Intensive Support.
Job Search Support services are available to all eligible job seekers immediately upon registration by Centrelink or a Job Network member and continue until the job seeker leaves employment services.  On first contact with their Job Network member, job seekers have their vocational profile entered into the JobSearch database for daily matching against new job vacancies.  Job seekers also have access to a range of other job search facilities such as touchscreens, computers and faxes as well as assistance in the preparation of job applications.
If an eligible job seeker has not found work within the first three months of Job Search Support, their Job Network member will arrange for them to participate in Intensive Support.  Job search training is the first element of Intensive Support.  It assists job seekers to obtain employment through individually tailored assistance that is designed to improve their job search skills, confidence and expand their job search networks.
After six months of unemployment (and periodically thereafter), most activity-tested job seekers will be required to fulfil a Mutual Obligation requirement.  During these periods, job seekers will remain in Intensive Support and it will be the responsibility of their Job Network member to ensure that they continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job seekers who have been unemployed for at least 12 months or are identified by Centrelink as being highly disadvantaged at registration will receive Intensive Support customised assistance.  Over a six month period this service provides customised assistance to address individual barriers to employment and tailor the job seeker’s efforts in looking for work.  In Intensive Support customised assistance, a job seeker’s Job Network member will have up to $1,350 credited to their Job Seeker Account for the purchase of services and products to assist them to find employment.
Results for Active Participation Model assistance
Results for the employment services provided under the Active Participation Model have progressively become available.  Reliable outcomes estimates cannot be produced until a sufficient number of clients have received assistance and subsequently been surveyed.  Results for Job Placement and Intensive Support job search training have been published onwards from the June 2004 edition Labour Market Assistance Outcomes.  Intensive Support customised assistance outcome results have been published in reports from September 2004 with outcomes for the Intensive Support stream of assistance reported since the December 2004 edition of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes.  

Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes

Post assistance labour market outcomes
Table 1.1 shows labour market outcomes and further assistance levels of all job seekers three months after leaving the various types of employment assistance.  
Employment outcomes for the suite of Job Network assistance remains strong.  Employment outcomes for Indigenous Employment Centres were particularly encouraging, up by 5.5 percentage points over that achieved in the June 2005 quarter.  
Job seekers are categorised as employed, unemployed or not in the labour force.  A proportion of these clients are also recorded as being in further assistance.
In editions of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes pre-June 2004, employment, unemployment, not in the labour force and further assistance outcomes were recorded as being mutually exclusive outcomes (ie. they added up to 100%).
As jobseekers are continuously in assistance under the Active Participation Model, clients in further assistance are surveyed and their responses are used to determine their labour market status. 
Care should also be taken when comparing outcomes for current services with labour market programmes operating before the introduction of Job Network.  The Technical Notes at the end of this report discuss these issues further. 

Table 1.1: Post assistance1 labour market outcomes year to end June 2006

Labour market assistance	
Employed
(%)	
Unemployed
(%)	Not in the Labour Force
(%)	Further Assistance2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	72.2	23.2	4.6	na	96,569	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	67.9	27.3	4.8	na	56,755	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	78.7	17.0	4.3	na	39,814	
Intensive Support	54.7	35.1	10.3	3.0	477,129	
Intensive Support 12 months sample3	56.2	33.6	10.2	4.0	189,696	
Intensive Support 24 months sample4	53.7	36.0	10.3	2.2	287,433	
Intensive Support job search training	50.4	42.7	6.9	4.5	136,524	
Intensive Support customised assistance	44.8	44.1	11.0	15.0	313,723	
Non highly-disadvantaged	50.0	41.7	8.3	17.0	151,607	
Highly disadvantaged	40.0	46.5	13.5	13.1	162,116	
NEIS	83.6	10.4	6.0	2.1	6,448	
Work for the Dole	31.4	58.8	9.8	33.8	85,534	
Community Work	31.8	56.0	12.2	39.9	3,498	
IEP – STEP	52.6	39.0	8.4	14.5	3,758	
IEP - Wage Assistance	65.9	28.4	5.8	24.2	2,839	
Indigenous Employment Centres	54.5	38.6	6.8	39.2	3,018	
Transition to Work	34.8	40.3	24.9	10.9	10,775	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after the job seeker ceases assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Transition to Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP), Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance or Indigenous Employment Centres or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Further assistance includes commencements in DEWR funded labour market assistance.  Job seekers who do not achieve an employment outcome are treated as either unemployed or not in the labour force. 
3.	The Intensive Support 12 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
4.	The Intensive Support 24 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Post assistance employment and positive outcomes
Table 1.2 shows job seekers’ shares of full-time and part-time employment, education/training and positive outcomes three months after leaving different types of labour market assistance.
Education and training outcomes include job seekers who are studying at a secondary school or college, TAFE, business college or university three months 
after ceasing labour market assistance. 
The increase in employment outcomes for Indigenous Employment Centres outlined in Table 1.1 has also been reflected in a three percentage point increase in their positive outcome rate over the past 12 months.  Most of this growth in has been in full-time employment.  
Outcomes for all other programmes are relatively unchanged from 12 months ago. 

Table 1.2: Post assistance1 employment and positive outcomes year to end June 2006

Labour market assistance	Full-time Employed
(%)	Part-time Employed
(%)	Total
Employed
(%)	Education & Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	45.9	26.3	72.2	12.7	76.1	96,569	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	41.4	26.5	67.9	12.3	72.0	56,755	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	52.7	25.9	78.7	13.3	82.4	39,814	
Intensive Support	29.1	25.6	54.7	11.1	61.2	477,129	
Intensive Support 12 months sample3	30.7	25.5	56.2	13.6	64.5	189,696	
Intensive Support 24 months sample4	28.1	25.6	53.7	9.6	59.2	287,433	
Intensive Support job search training	22.8	27.6	50.4	14.8	59.9	136,524	
Intensive Support customised assistance	16.5	28.3	44.8	11.9	54.0	313,723	
Non highly-disadvantaged	18.2	31.8	50.0	11.1	57.9	151,607	
Highly disadvantaged	14.9	25.0	40.0	12.7	50.3	162,116	
NEIS	51.0	32.6	83.6	8.0	85.5	6,448	
Work for the Dole	14.5	16.9	31.4	11.8	40.6	85,534	
Community Work	8.7	23.1	31.8	15.8	44.0	3,498	
IEP - STEP	35.9	16.7	52.6	23.5	62.7	3,758	
IEP - Wage Assistance	45.4	20.4	65.9	22.5	67.8	2,839	
Indigenous Employment Centres	36.8	17.7	54.5	25.0	62.3	3,018	
Transition to Work	5.4	29.4	34.8	29.4	56.3	10,775	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after the job seeker ceases assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Transition to Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP), Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance or Indigenous Employment Centres or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 January 2005 and 31 March 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education outcome.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	The Intensive Support 12 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
4.	The Intensive Support 24 month sample relates to clients who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.3 reports the outcomes for the 12 month Intensive Support population.  These job seekers commenced assistance between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2005 and became in-scope for survey between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
Outcomes for the Intensive Support 12 month cohort are around those achieved in the March 2006 quarter.  This is encouraging as it covers a period of change with tendering taking place.  
Also encouraging is the rise in outcome levels for those with a disability since the previous quarter.   
Overall, almost 60 per cent of clients who enter Intensive Support are in some form of employment within their 12 months of commencing in Intensive Support.  

Table 1.3: Intensive Support 12 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	32.8	25.1	57.8	18.6	67.8	47,583	
21 to 24	39.0	25.9	64.9	15.3	73.4	29,188	
25 to 34	35.5	24.1	59.6	13.4	67.5	41,259	
35 to 49	28.6	26.0	54.7	12.4	63.2	47,806	
50 or more	21.5	27.5	49.0	9.7	55.8	23,860	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	34.5	26.3	60.7	13.7	68.6	108,861	
6 to less than 12	28.0	24.4	52.4	15.4	63.1	13,451	
12 to less than 24	21.9	25.9	47.8	13.7	57.5	13,722	
24 to less than 36	22.6	24.3	47.0	13.5	55.6	8,856	
36 or more	15.9	24.4	40.3	11.6	49.3	28,194	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	19.0	20.2	39.1	11.9	49.1	32,946	
Year 10 or 11	27.1	23.7	50.8	10.8	57.7	57,997	
Year 12	34.9	28.9	63.9	19.4	73.8	33,245	
Post Secondary	37.0	27.9	64.9	13.2	72.1	59,434	
Unknown	24.9	24.7	49.6	15.2	62.2	6,074	
Gender							
Males	33.6	20.7	54.4	11.1	61.4	109,676	
Females	27.3	31.2	58.5	16.5	68.3	80,020	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	16.9	22.7	39.6	10.3	47.2	15,783	
Indigenous	22.7	15.4	38.1	9.0	44.6	21,397	
CALD5	29.4	21.8	51.2	20.8	67.0	28,993	
Sole Parents	21.9	30.6	52.5	12.7	62.1	15,073	
Total	30.7	25.5	56.2	13.6	64.5	189,696	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.4 reports the outcomes for the 24 month Intensive Support population.  These job seekers commenced assistance between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2004 and became in-scope for survey between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
Outcomes for the 24 month cohort are relative similar to that achieved for the 24 month cohort in the March 2006 quarter.  
Encouragingly, over half of those who have been in Intensive Support for more than 12 months were able to find some form of employment within 24 months.  This highlights the benefits of the on-going assistance available through Intensive Support. 

Table 1.4: Intensive Support 24 month sample: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	34.5	24.0	58.5	14.5	65.3	44,818	
21 to 24	34.8	24.9	59.8	12.3	66.5	42,276	
25 to 34	32.4	23.5	55.9	10.6	61.9	66,429	
35 to 49	25.8	27.6	53.4	9.1	58.8	87,811	
50 or more	20.5	25.2	45.8	6.5	50.2	46,099	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	36.3	25.8	62.1	10.2	67.2	113,292	
6 to less than 12	27.7	25.6	53.2	10.7	59.3	27,312	
12 to less than 24	25.7	26.5	52.2	9.7	58.6	37,648	
24 to less than 36	22.7	25.2	47.9	8.8	53.6	23,021	
36 or more	16.3	25.2	41.5	8.2	46.9	71,395	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	19.6	20.7	40.3	6.9	45.5	54,058	
Year 10 or 11	25.8	26.3	52.2	7.2	56.4	98,727	
Year 12	31.8	27.9	59.7	13.1	66.5	51,892	
Post Secondary	34.1	27.4	61.5	11.7	67.4	70,215	
Unknown	30.8	23.4	54.3	11.0	60.8	12,541	
Gender							
Males	30.6	20.2	50.9	7.7	55.6	191,796	
Females	24.3	34.7	59.1	12.8	65.7	95,636	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	19.1	21.3	40.4	8.5	46.6	26,462	
Indigenous	21.7	14.5	36.2	9.4	41.5	19,524	
CALD5	25.4	23.3	48.7	13.1	58.2	49,174	
Sole Parents	23.5	37.6	61.1	12.5	67.6	12,605	
Total	28.1	25.6	53.7	9.6	59.2	287,433	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2004 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 24 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Intensive Support
Table 1.5 reports the post assistance outcomes achieved for both the 12 and 24 month in-scope population for Intensive Support.  Detailed information about the 12 and 24 months samples are provided in the previous two tables.  
Overall Intensive Support outcomes have remained around the strong levels achieved in the March 2006 quarter.  Particularly encouraging is that (with the exception of Persons with a Disability) over half of the department’s target groups were in some form on employment when surveyed.  
In addition, it is evident that of the employment outcomes achieved, more are in full-time jobs than part-time jobs for most demographic groups.   

Table 1.5: Intensive Support Combined samples: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	33.7	24.5	58.2	16.7	66.7	92,401	
21 to 24	36.6	25.3	61.9	13.6	69.4	71,464	
25 to 34	33.6	23.7	57.3	11.7	64.1	107,688	
35 to 49	26.8	27.1	53.9	10.2	60.3	135,617	
50 or more	20.8	26.0	46.8	7.6	52.1	69,959	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	35.4	26.1	61.4	12.0	67.9	222,153	
6 to less than 12	27.9	25.3	53.2	12.1	60.7	40,763	
12 to less than 24	24.9	26.4	51.3	10.6	58.5	51,370	
24 to less than 36	22.7	25.2	47.9	9.8	54.3	31,877	
36 or more	16.3	25.1	41.5	9.1	47.8	99,589	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	19.5	20.7	40.2	8.5	46.9	87,004	
Year 10 or 11	26.3	25.4	51.7	8.4	56.9	156,724	
Year 12	33.0	28.3	61.3	15.5	69.4	85,137	
Post Secondary	35.4	27.6	63.0	12.4	69.5	129,649	
Unknown	28.7	23.7	52.4	12.4	61.0	18,615	
Gender							
Males	31.6	20.4	52.1	8.8	57.6	301,472	
Females	25.6	33.2	58.8	14.4	66.8	175,656	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	18.2	21.9	40.1	9.1	46.9	42,245	
Indigenous	22.5	15.2	37.8	9.3	43.6	40,921	
CALD5	26.9	22.7	49.6	15.9	61.4	78,167	
Sole Parents	22.8	34.0	56.9	12.5	64.9	27,678	
Total	29.1	25.6	54.7	11.1	61.2	477,129	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 or 24 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  The commencement period is limited to ensure that only those participants that could have reached 12 or 24 months participation in Intensive Support are included in the in-scope sample.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.6 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
While outcomes overall have not changed for Intensive Support customised assistance since the June 2005 quarter, there has been an encouraging improvement in outcomes for the highly disadvantaged, disabled and Indigenous participants. 
Table 1.6: Intensive Support customised assistance: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	18.2	31.8	50.0	11.1	57.9	151,607	
Highly disadvantaged4	14.9	25.0	40.0	12.7	50.3	162,116	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	19.7	26.2	45.8	15.5	57.5	55,870	
21 to 24	19.3	28.2	47.5	15.7	58.9	39,039	
25 to 34	19.1	27.2	46.3	12.6	55.5	67,291	
35 to 49	16.1	29.7	45.8	12.1	55.2	96,357	
50 or more	12.0	29.0	41.1	9.0	48.2	55,166	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	21.6	26.8	48.3	12.8	58.2	68,493	
6 to less than 12	20.5	32.5	52.9	13.0	62.4	41,341	
12 to less than 24	16.8	28.6	45.4	12.7	55.1	58,154	
24 to less than 36	15.3	28.5	43.8	12.3	53.3	33,293	
36 or more	11.7	27.4	39.0	10.8	47.5	104,096	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	12.5	22.9	35.4	10.4	44.3	76,040	
Year 10 or 11	16.0	28.1	44.1	9.7	51.7	108,119	
Year 12	18.9	30.7	49.6	15.1	61.0	44,207	
Post Secondary	19.3	32.1	51.3	14.0	61.2	83,180	
Unknown	21.8	30.6	52.4	14.5	61.8	2,177	
Gender							
Males	18.1	24.3	42.4	9.3	49.8	184,582	
Females	14.5	33.8	48.3	15.3	59.7	129,141	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	12.4	26.5	38.9	10.0	46.9	43,858	
Indigenous	15.8	18.3	34.1	10.6	42.6	48,382	
CALD6	15.6	24.8	40.3	18.8	56.2	49,812	
Sole Parents	18.3	33.0	51.3	14.2	61.7	37,520	
Total	16.5	28.3	44.8	11.9	54.0	313,723	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 22 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 23 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support job search training
Table 1.7 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the Intensive Support job search training between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
Post assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training participants by duration on allowance are not provided because almost all job seekers will access job search training immediately on their entry to the Intensive Support stream of assistance – which usually occurs at the three month mark of unemployment. 
Post-assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training remain strong, with positive outcome levels around 60 per cent.   
Indigenous outcomes were up by around 2 percentage points and positive outcomes up by 3.5 percentage points as compared to the previous March 2006 quarter. 

Table 1.7: Intensive Support job search training: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	21.7	27.3	49.0	20.6	61.9	35,923	
21 to 24	27.5	29.0	56.5	17.2	66.5	27,824	
25 to 34	25.2	27.1	52.2	13.5	60.8	31,265	
35 to 49	21.1	28.9	49.9	12.2	58.5	28,675	
50 or more	19.3	26.5	45.8	8.5	51.6	12,837	
Educational attainment							
Less than Year 10	17.7	23.9	41.6	10.0	49.1	11,766	
Year 10 or 11	19.4	24.7	44.1	12.2	53.0	38,322	
Year 12	23.4	29.6	53.0	19.3	64.4	31,550	
Post Secondary	25.5	29.2	54.7	14.9	63.9	54,593	
Unknown	7.6	24.2	31.8	20.4	49.9	293	
Gender							
Males	26.1	22.3	48.4	12.3	56.6	80,057	
Females	18.9	34.2	53.2	17.6	64.0	56,467	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	18.5	24.0	42.5	13.0	51.8	3,814	
Indigenous	23.6	18.9	42.5	14.7	53.7	2,659	
CALD4	20.8	24.2	45.0	18.9	59.1	20,617	
Sole Parents	13.1	36.5	49.6	15.8	60.1	8,203	
Total	22.8	27.6	50.4	14.8	59.9	136,524	

1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support job search training placements between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Job Placement
Table 1.8 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who placed into work under a Job Placement between 1 April 2005 and 31 march 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
Post-assistance outcomes for Job Placement have sustained their high levels, with around three-quarters of participants in employment and/or education three months after their original job placement.  Outcomes were slightly higher than the previous quarter. 

Table 1.8: Job Placements: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	47.8	22.6	70.4	22.4	76.8	27,319	
21 to 24	46.6	24.3	70.9	14.2	75.4	15,679	
25 to 34	45.9	26.4	72.3	10.8	75.7	23,786	
35 to 49	44.8	29.9	74.7	7.5	77.3	22,395	
50 or more	43.3	28.3	71.6	4.5	73.2	7,390	
Duration on income support (months) 3		
0 to less than 6	45.6	26.0	71.5	13.8	75.9	32,468	
6 to less than 12	40.5	26.8	67.3	10.4	70.8	9,119	
12 to less than 24	34.9	29.9	64.8	12.5	69.0	7,623	
24 to less than 36	34.1	22.9	57.0	7.6	60.1	3,134	
36 or more	22.1	28.2	50.3	6.7	53.8	4,411	
Educational attainment 3							
Less than Year 10	35.2	21.3	56.6	9.4	62.1	6,985	
Year 10 or 11	39.7	24.2	63.8	8.4	66.8	19,360	
Year 12	45.2	27.5	72.7	18.8	78.1	12,354	
Post Secondary	42.6	29.5	72.1	12.2	75.5	17,060	
Unknown	39.5	33.8	73.3	18.4	81.6	996	
Gender							
Males	52.4	18.3	70.8	10.5	73.9	61,375	
Females	36.7	37.4	74.1	15.6	79.1	35,194	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	27.7	30.6	58.4	8.8	61.2	5,341	
Indigenous	32.9	18.8	51.7	8.5	54.5	2,733	
CALD4	39.3	27.2	66.6	15.1	73.6	5,397	
Sole Parents	21.8	47.5	69.3	14.8	74.5	4,241	
Job Network eligible (FJNE) 5	41.4	26.5	67.9	12.3	72.0	56,755	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO) 6	52.7	25.9	78.7	13.3	82.4	39,814	
Total	45.9	26.3	72.2	12.7	76.1	96,569	
1.	Job seekers who were placed in a Job Network eligible job between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2006.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in. Outcomes estimates are based on a 25% sample of job seekers.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Outcomes refer to Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers only as educational attainment and equity group details are not recorded for Job Search Support Only (JSSO) and JSSO job seekers are not on income support.  Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
5.	Includes Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers who may be eligible for other Job Network services.
6.	Includes Job Search Support Only (JSSO) job seekers who are only eligible for Job Search Support services.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

New Enterprise Incentive Scheme
Table 1.9 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS) between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2006.  
Traditionally NEIS has always experienced higher outcomes compared to other types of labour market assistance.  This is due in part to the careful selection of viable businesses by NEIS providers prior to the commencement in assistance, as well as the characteristics of job seekers involved.
Post-assistance outcomes for NEIS continue to remain strong and well above stated targets.  Unlike some of the other programmes there is not the divergence in outcomes achieved among the different client types.  This goes to the careful selection of viable businesses prior to selection in the programme.  

Table 1.9: New Enterprise Incentive Scheme: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes3
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	Self Employed2
(%)	
Employed
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	na	na	na	na	na	na	
21 to 24	69.0	16.1	85.0	14.3	92.1	621	
25 to 34	73.6	12.6	86.2	9.2	87.9	2062	
35 to 49	70.5	13.3	83.8	7.5	85.2	2608	
50 or more	66.4	11.7	78.1	4.3	78.9	1032	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	74.3	13.8	88.2	9.6	90.4	3030	
6 to less than 12	69.6	13.3	82.9	7.1	84.5	1162	
12 to less than 24	61.2	15.3	76.6	7.6	79.1	842	
24 to less than 36	71.6	7.8	79.3	6.2	81.7	416	
36 or more	64.3	12.5	76.9	5.1	77.6	893	
Educational attainment							
Less than Year 10	67.8	7.1	74.9	1.8	74.9	na	
Year 10 or 11	68.0	10.2	78.2	4.3	79.2	1016	
Year 12	70.3	13.6	83.9	8.5	87.0	887	
Post Secondary	71.2	14.3	85.6	9.4	87.6	3812	
Unknown	70.4	11.8	82.2	8.0	85.2	470	
Gender							
Males	71.9	12.8	84.6	7.0	86.5	3572	
Females	68.5	13.6	82.2	9.2	84.2	2876	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	63.6	14.6	78.2	5.0	80.1	550	
Indigenous	na	na	na	na	na	na	
CALD5	68.8	10.9	79.7	8.1	82.3	1015	
Sole Parents	64.6	18.6	83.2	9.1	85.8	446	
Total	70.5	13.1	83.6	8.0	85.5	6448	
1.	Job seekers who left NEIS placements between 1 April 2005 and 31 march 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2006.
2.	Includes a small proportion of participants who are self employed but in a business not set up under NEIS. 
3.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
na.	Not available as the estimate is based on a small number of known outcomes.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.  

Work for the Dole
The Work for the Dole (WfD) Programme aims to develop the work habits of participants through involving them in quality projects that are of value to the community.  Employment outcomes are not part of the programme’s immediate objectives but are included here as they demonstrate the success of work experience and increased job search activity.  
Outcomes relate to WfD participants referred to Community Work Coordinators (CWC).  
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of projects with different CWC’s before completing their placement.  For the purposes of PPM, job seekers are surveyed whenever they have a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months since their last CWC placement in a twelve month period.  Job seekers aged 50 years or more who participate in Work for the Dole are volunteers. 
It should be noted that outcomes levels may change under the APM from pre-APM levels due to changes in the PPM survey methodology.  See the technical notes for more information.

Table 1.10: Work for the Dole: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20061
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	14.8	17.7	32.5	14.7	44.4	13,386	
21 to 24	19.6	18.8	38.4	14.6	48.7	18,524	
25 to 34	15.3	17.3	32.6	12.6	42.9	24,493	
35 to 49	12.8	16.0	28.8	9.3	36.1	27,019	
50 or more	5.0	15.6	20.6	12.2	29.7	2,112	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	23.0	20.0	43.0	14.8	54.2	10,872	
6 to less than 12	21.1	18.8	39.9	14.3	50.1	17,760	
12 to less than 24	16.5	15.6	32.2	13.4	43.1	13,729	
24 to less than 36	11.4	19.6	31.0	13.4	40.7	11,253	
36 or more	8.8	14.8	23.6	8.6	30.8	31,726	
Educational attainment 3							
Less than Year 10	9.7	11.8	21.4	7.9	28.3	16,047	
Year 10 or 11	14.0	16.2	30.1	7.5	36.3	31,083	
Year 12	15.6	20.1	35.7	17.3	48.6	14,587	
Post Secondary	17.3	19.1	36.4	15.2	47.8	23,546	
Unknown	8.9	13.3	22.2	11.4	31.0	271	
Gender							
Males	16.4	13.8	30.2	9.2	37.5	60,243	
Females	10.8	23.2	34.1	16.8	46.8	25,291	
Equity Groups3							
Disability	11.0	15.1	26.0	8.1	32.6	7,354	
Indigenous	8.8	8.5	17.4	7.9	24.2	6,089	
CALD4	14.2	16.7	31.0	16.7	44.1	10,950	
Sole Parents	6.3	22.0	28.3	20.7	44.6	2,319	
Total	14.5	16.9	31.4	11.8	40.6	85,534	
1.	Job seekers who left a Work for the Dole project between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance

An important measure of the effectiveness of employment assistance includes the long-term trends in outcomes.  It provides an assessment of whether over the period of operation of an intervention the service providers have developed effective servicing strategies.
These outcomes can be influenced by a range of exogenous factors such as the strength of the labour market, the distribution of available jobs and the position of the economy within the economic cycle.
Similarly it would be expected that the in the period following the introduction of a new intervention, outcomes will increase at a faster rate than interventions that have been in place for a longer period of time, as the effective servicing strategies are developed.  
Figure 2.1 below, provides positive outcome results for the main employment services provided over the last five years (from March 2001).  For those interventions superseded by Active Participation Model assistance, the services they superseded are also included.  There is a break in the series of between three and five quarter during the transition from ESC2 to ESC3 for these interventions.  This was due to the fact that there were insufficient PPM survey responses to provide for robust outcome estimates.
It can be seen that outcomes for the suite of Job Network and Work for the Dole services have generally continued to trend up from the outcomes achieved under ESC2.  
Some of the growth can be attributed to changes to the methodology used for the Post Programme Monitoring survey.  See the technical notes at the end of this report for further information. 

Figure 2.1:  has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.  Positive outcomes for: Job Matching/Job Placement (JM/JP); Job Search Training/Intensive Support job search training (JST/ISjst); Intensive Assistance/Intensive Support customised assistance (IA/ISca); New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS); and Work for the Dole (WfD) for Post Programme Monitoring outcomes from March 2001 to June 2006.  Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.

Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP)

The Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) programme is an Australian Government funded initiative for unemployed Indigenous people providing activities which develop participants’ skills and improve their employability in order to assist them move into employment outside CDEP and to meet community needs.  These activities can also lead to the development of CDEP business enterprises.  The overall aim is to support Indigenous Australians to achieve economic independence.
Since January 2000, between 30,000 and 35,000 people have been undertaking CDEP at any point in time, with around 2000 people joining and a similar number leaving the programme each month (figure 2.2).  Around 60% of CDEP participants are in remote areas with most of the remaining participants in rural locations (figure 2.3)

Figure 2.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 2.3: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Community Development Employment Projects (continued) 
Significantly, CDEP participants were found to have undertaken a wide range of activities, including administration, arts and culture, maintenance and construction among others (figure 2.4).  Also significant is a rise in outcomes from the CDEP programme over time.  

Recent off-benefit outcomes are around 34%, suggesting that recent changes to the programme, including the increased focus on employment, have improved outcomes (figure 2.5).  Further analysis is required, however, to understand the impact of these changes and it will be some time before the full impact can be assessed.

Figure 2.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 2.5: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance

Type of labour market assistance
Table 3.1 shows the commencements in employment assistance for the year to end June 2005 and the year to end June 2006.  
It is evident that commencements in Job Network (Job Search Support and Intensive Support) have fallen on that achieved in the year to June 2005.  This reflects the general strength of the labour market as evident by the fall of Newstart Allowance and Youth Allowance (other) job seekers outlined on page 1. 

Table 3.1: Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years1
	Year to end June 2005	Year to end June 2006	
Labour market assistance	Commencements
(number)	Commencements
(number)	
Job Search Support2	518,627	491,635	
Intensive Support3	384,155	366,259	
	job search training	144,382	117,608	
	first customised assistance (ISca1)	237,552	179,616	
	second customised assistance (ISca2)	81,930	85,004	
Job Placement	665,540	638,212	
NEIS	6,007	6,546	
Work for the Dole	81,912	87,073	
Community Work Placements	3,964	3,541	
IEP – STEP	3,990	3,496	
IEP - Wage Assistance	2,844	2,658	
Indigenous Employment Centres	2,754	3,568	
Personal Support Programme	24,748	28,470	
Transition to Work	11,647	11,218	
1.	Commencement or placement of job seekers in labour market assistance funded by DEWR for the two years of 1 July 2004 to 
30 June 2005 and 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.  
2.	Job seekers with a registered Vocational Profile in the year up to 30 June 2006.  
3.	Job seekers who commenced any phase of assistance within the Intensive Support stream.

na 	not available.
 
Source: DEWR administrative systems

Participation in Job Network assistance
Access to services and programmes by job seekers with different characteristics will depend on their eligibility and on their assessed capacity to benefit from the assistance provided.
Job seekers with particular characteristics may be under-represented in some types of assistance but over-represented in others. Hence, it is important to look at all types of assistance in assessing equity of assistance.  
Table 3.2 shows, for the range of Job Network services, the job seeker characteristics of those that received assistance in the year up to 30 June 2006.  Also provided is the demographic distribution of the Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) population at 30 June 2006.
Older job seekers’ participation in employment assistance remains lower than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population.  This is generally indicative of the alternatives available to these job seekers to meet their participation requirements as well the higher level of exemptions among these job seekers.  
The proportion of short-term unemployed job seekers (i.e. on income support for less than six months) in Job Search Support is influenced by the proportion of Job Search Support Only job seekers who have had a Vocational Profile done, but may not be on income support.  

Table 3.2: Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics: June 20061
	Newstart/Youth Allowance (other) recipients 	Employment Assistance type	
Job seeker characteristics		Job Search 
Support2
(%)	Job 
Placement3
 (%)	Intensive 
Support
(%)	
Age group (years)					
15 to 20 	13.3	22.4	20.3	24.0	
21 to 24	15.6	13.2	16.6	15.5	
25 to 34	23.7	22.8	25.0	22.2	
35 to 49	26.5	28.4	27.1	26.1	
50 or more	21.0	13.2	11.0	12.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)					
0 to less than 6	25.7	88.2	38.2	60.9	
6 to less than 12	14.3	3.8	18.8	13.2	
12 to less than 24	17.4	3.5	19.0	11.6	
24 to less than 36	11.8	1.5	8.8	5.3	
36 or more	30.8	3.0	15.2	9.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment					
Less than Year 10	22.0	18.6	21.3	24.3	
Year 10 or 11	32.6	37.6	42.2	39.9	
Year 12	17.7	21.7	19.1	18.3	
Post secondary	27.8	22.1	17.4	17.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Gender					
Male	63.7	50.1	63.7	55.3	
Female	36.3	49.9	36.3	44.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups4					
Disability	18.8	6.5	8.8	11.9	
Indigenous	9.5	5.9	7.0	9.5	
CALD5	17.1	17.1	12.3	15.2	
Sole parents	1.6	8.7	6.0	10.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.
2.	Commencements in Job Search Support measured through the demographic distribution of registered Vocational Profiles in the year up to 
30 June 2006.
3.	Demographic breakdown of Job Placements in the year up to 30 June 2006 
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Access to Job Placements
A key performance indicator of Job Network is how it performs across various industries.  Table 3.3 shows vacancies and job placements by industry.  As can be seen, Manufacturing, Retail trade, Property and business services and Agriculture provide a significant source of vacancies and placements for Job Network.  
Differences are shown between vacancy and placement shares.  To some extent they will be due to the fact that the same vacancy may be filled several times depending on the needs of the employer.  

Table 3.3: AJS Vacancies and Job Placements by Industry: June 2006
Industry	JNM and JPO initiated Vacancies1
(%)	JNM and JPO
Placement in Job Placement2
(%)	
Agricultural and industrial sector			
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	4.8	6.1	
Mining	0.6	0.5	
Manufacturing	13.4	17.9	
Electricity, Gas and Water Supply	0.3	0.2	
Construction	7.5	5.8	
Services sector			
Wholesale Trade	3.5	3.8	
Retail Trade	14.2	10.6	
Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants	10.1	6.2	
Transport and Storage	3.6	2.7	
Communication Services	1.1	1.0	
Finance and Insurance	0.9	0.5	
Property and Business Services	26.2	36.2	
Cultural and Recreational Services	1.4	0.9	
Personal and Other Services	4.5	3.8	
Government and community sector			
Government Administration and Defence	1.1	0.8	
Education	1.6	0.6	
Health and Community Services	5.1	2.6	

1. 	Vacancies lodged by Job Network member or Job Placement Organisations on Australian JobSeach between 1 July 2005 and 
30 June 2006.  Columns may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
2.	Australian JobSearch vacancies filled by Job Network members or Job Placement Organisations between 1 July 2005 and 
30 June 2006.  Columns may not add up to 100% due to rounding.  

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in NEIS
Table 3.4 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing NEIS.  This is shown only for those on an eligible allowance, such as Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older.  
NEIS is not targeted directly at job seekers with any particular characteristics.  Given the nature of the programme, however, some types of job seekers are less likely to participate in NEIS than others.  This is particular the case for groups such as youth (those aged 15 – 20) and the equity groups.  On the other hand persons with a post secondary education participate in NEIS at a higher rate than their proportion of the eligible population. 

 Table 3.4: Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics year to end June 20061

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for NEIS2
(%)	Commencement in NEIS
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	10.4	1.6	
21 to 24	16.2	9.3	
25 to 34	24.5	31.4	
35 to 49	27.3	39.8	
50 or more	21.7	17.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	24.7	48.9	
6 to less than 12	13.9	25.4	
12 to less than 24	17.3	13.4	
24 to less than 36	12.1	4.5	
36 or more	31.9	7.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.4	7.0	
Year 10 or 11	32.0	26.9	
Year 12	18.1	23.6	
Post secondary	28.5	42.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	64.1	53.6	
Female	35.9	46.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	19.2	10.8	
Indigenous	9.2	1.7	
CALD4	17.6	16.1	
Sole parents	1.7	7.1	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in NEIS from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) and 18 or over as at 30 June 2006. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English  Speaking countries 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in Work for the Dole
Table 3.5 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing Work for the Dole (WfD). This is shown only for those on the activity tested payments Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older. 
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
Job seekers aged 50 years or more who participate in Work for the Dole are volunteers. 
WfD tends to exhibit different patterns in participation to NEIS with younger job seekers proportionally over-represented in the participating population in relation to their eligibility, while job seekers unemployed for less than six months under-represented.  Again this reflects the unique eligibility requirements of the programme. 

Table 3.5: Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics year to end June 20061

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for Work for Dole2
(%)	Commencement in Work for the Dole
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	10.4	15.2	
21 to 24	16.2	21.6	
25 to 34	24.5	28.4	
35 to 49	27.3	32.3	
50 or more	21.7	2.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	24.7	6.3	
6 to less than 12	13.9	26.4	
12 to less than 24	17.3	14.5	
24 to less than 36	12.1	13.4	
36 or more	31.9	39.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.4	38.4	
Year 10 or 11	32.0	35.1	
Year 12	18.1	14.8	
Post secondary	28.5	11.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	64.1	70.5	
Female	35.9	29.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	19.2	6.9	
Indigenous	9.2	7.4	
CALD4	17.6	12.9	
Sole parents	1.7	1.3	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in Work for the Dole from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 June 2006. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region

Participation in labour market assistance by region
This section presents data on participation by job seekers in labour market assistance for the DEWR Labour Market Regions. A map of DEWR regions is included in the Technical Notes of this report. 
Reporting at a regional level is restricted to the main types of Job Network assistance and Work for the Dole.

Table 4.1 provides details of placements in Job Placement jobs and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.
The number of placements and commencements in the various types of labour market assistance will depend on the size of the region, labour market conditions and the relative disadvantage of job seekers in the region. 

Table 4.1: Commencements in labour market assistance by region: June 20061
DEWR Region	Job Search Support
(Number)	Job Placements
(Number)	Intensive Support
(Number)	Work for the Dole
(Number)	
Sydney	88,705	81,860	61,547	14,655	
Hunter and North Coast	36,702	39,979	30,259	9,203	
Illawarra and SE NSW	16,041	18,524	12,720	3,939	
Western NSW	14,825	23,758	13,001	2,836	
Riverina	6,599	12,170	5,303	1,074	
New South Wales	162,872	176,291	122,830	31,707	
Melbourne	84,515	95,880	52,145	12,687	
Eastern Victoria	11,427	19,520	10,038	2,709	
Western Victoria	19,778	32,398	15,943	4,645	
Victoria	115,720	147,798	78,126	20,041	
Brisbane	71,396	98,099	49,337	10,054	
Southern Queensland	14,968	20,588	12,591	3,592	
Central and Northern QLD	23,410	38,905	18,741	4,228	
Queensland	109,774	157,592	80,669	17,874	
Perth	28,965	42,688	21,331	3,926	
South Western Australia	6,380	9,483	4,622	1,178	
Greater Western Australia	7,235	7,892	7,286	693	
Western Australia	42,580	60,063	33,239	5,797	
Adelaide	25,977	42,923	21,145	5,097	
South Australia Country	11,238	20,596	9,840	2,317	
South Australia	37,215	63,519	30,985	7,414	
					
Tasmania	12,337	20,984	10,226	2,958	
					
Northern Territory	6,409	6,220	7,500	608	
					
Australian Capital Territory	4,728	5,745	2,684	674	
					
Australia	491,635	638,212	366,259	87,073	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance and Work for the Dole from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Labour market assistance by region
Table 4.2 shows the proportion of Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) recipients as at 30 June 2006 compared to the proportion of Job Network eligible Job Placements and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.  This is provided on a DEWR regional and State and Territory basis. 

Participation in employment assistance in New South Wales is somewhat higher than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population suggest might participate.  This differs with participation in the smaller labour market regions of Tasmania and Northern Territory which are generally lower.  A factor that could contribute to this disparity is participation in assistance by job seekers not on Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other).  

Table 4.2: Comparison of labour market assistance by region year to end June 2006
DEWR Region	Newstart/ Youth Allowance (Other) recipients1
(%)	Job Search Support2
(%)	Intensive Support2
(%)	Work for 
the Dole2
(%)	
Sydney	16.7	18.0	16.8	16.8	
Hunter and North Coast	7.9	7.5	8.3	10.6	
Illawarra and SE NSW	3.4	3.3	3.5	4.5	
Western NSW	3.4	3.0	3.5	3.3	
Riverina	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2	
New South Wales	32.7	33.1	33.5	36.4	
Melbourne	17.4	17.2	14.2	14.6	
Eastern Victoria	2.6	2.3	2.7	3.1	
Western Victoria	4.5	4.0	4.4	5.3	
Victoria	24.5	23.5	21.3	23.0	
Brisbane	11.9	14.5	13.5	11.5	
Southern Queensland	2.9	3.0	3.4	4.1	
Central and Northern QLD	4.6	4.8	5.1	4.9	
Queensland	19.5	22.3	22.0	20.5	
Perth	5.3	5.9	5.8	4.5	
South Western Australia	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	
Greater Western Australia	1.6	1.5	2.0	0.8	
Western Australia	8.1	8.7	9.1	6.7	
Adelaide	6.0	5.3	5.8	5.9	
South Australia Country	2.4	2.3	2.7	2.7	
South Australia	8.4	7.6	8.5	8.5	
					
Tasmania	3.4	2.5	2.8	3.4	
					
Northern Territory	2.6	1.3	2.0	0.7	
					
Australian Capital Territory	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.8	
		 	 		
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

1.	Job Seekers receiving Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 June 2006.
2.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance or Work for the Dole from 1 April 2005 to 30 June 2006.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Employment outcomes by region
Table 4.3 shows employment outcomes for job seekers who ceased assistance between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2005 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  Employment outcomes are for Job Placement, Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole.  Job Placement outcomes include both fully Job Network Eligible and Job Search Support Only job seekers.  Outcomes are presented on a DEWR regional, State and Territory and national basis. 

Table 4.3:  Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes year to end June 20061
DEWR Region	Job Placement2
(%)
	Intensive Support job search training3 (%)	Intensive Support customised assistance3 (%)	Intensive Support4
(%)	Work for 
the Dole3
(%)	
Sydney	67.5	44.1	37.4	49.8	28.4	
Hunter and North Coast	72.5	49.0	43.0	50.6	28.4	
Illawarra and SE NSW	75.0	47.8	45.6	51.0	25.0	
Western NSW	70.4	49.8	40.7	44.3	22.0	
Riverina	78.2	48.6	43.2	54.2	26.8	
New South Wales	70.6	46.2	40.7	49.7	27.3	
Melbourne	71.6	49.7	45.4	55.0	32.8	
Eastern Victoria	68.3	48.8	46.9	54.9	34.4	
Western Victoria	74.8	50.9	45.4	54.0	29.8	
Victoria	71.8	49.9	45.6	54.8	32.4	
Brisbane	75.2	55.0	51.6	63.1	38.2	
Southern Queensland	72.0	53.8	45.9	57.0	30.4	
Central and Northern QLD	71.1	59.7	44.9	54.0	36.7	
Queensland	74.0	55.7	48.6	59.9	36.4	
Perth	72.7	57.4	51.6	61.3	38.3	
South Western Australia	70.4	53.6	51.8	68.3	41.0	
Greater Western Australia	71.2	50.0	39.3	49.4	32.1	
Western Australia	72.1	56.2	49.3	61.0	38.1	
Adelaide	71.0	49.3	48.4	58.6	32.5	
South Australia Country	74.2	53.0	48.2	51.0	23.7	
South Australia	72.3	50.3	48.3	56.2	29.7	
						
Tasmania	74.5	47.7	46.3	52.9	27.4	
						
Northern Territory	55.7	61.4	33.0	37.5	25.7	
						
Australian Capital Territory	77.0	53.1	48.5	55.3	39.7	
						
Australia	72.2	50.4	44.8	54.7	31.4	
1.	Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.  
2.	Job Placement outcomes are for job seekers placed in an eligible Job Placement job between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in.  
3.	Post assistance employment outcomes relate to job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training or Work for the Dole between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2006.  
4.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2005 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12 or 24 months between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2006.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients

Number of income support recipients
An important goal of employment assistance is to reduce or remove employment barriers experienced by job seekers so they can compete effectively for jobs.  Higher levels of employment assistance are provided to the most disadvantaged job seekers. 
While this report focuses mainly on the outcomes achieved by individual forms of assistance, it is also important to note that other factors, such as administrative changes and economic conditions, also have a significant impact on the number of income support recipients.
Figure 5.1 shows the changes over time in the number of short and long term income support recipients. Many long term recipients (in receipt of Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) for 12 months or more) will have had a job at some time over the last 12 months.  These job seekers are reclassified as short term recipients only if they remain totally off benefits for a continuous period of more than 13 weeks. 
Hence, long-term recipients should not be confused with the long term unemployed as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.  The long-term unemployed are people currently looking for work who have not had a job that lasted for 2 weeks or more in the last year.
Data on income support recipients shows that in the 12 months to the end of June 2006, the number of people in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 19,000 to just under 549,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients decreased by almost 10,000 recipients while the number of short-term recipients decreased by over 9,000. 

Figure 5.1: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Figures quoted in the text are from the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations: “Labour Market and Related Payments a monthly profile, June 2006”.

  Source: Trend series based on data from DEWR administrative system.

Off-Benefit outcomes
An assessment of the impact that assistance has can also be undertaken by looking at the income support status of participants after they leave assistance.  
Figure 5.2 shows the off-benefit status of job seekers three and six months after they had exited employment assistance.  Results are not shown for Transition to Work as a significant proportion of the population are not on income support when they commenced in the programme.  
Off-benefit outcomes are only measured for clients who were in receipt of Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) (i.e. activity tested beneficiaries) when they commenced their employment assistance placement.  Other clients, on non-activity tested benefits have different allowable earnings thresholds and their inclusion has the potential to distort the results.  
The majority of job seekers who move off income support do so for employment, particularly full-time employment.  For most programmes, however, off-benefit outcomes levels are generally slightly lower than employment outcomes levels.  This reflects the fact that three months after exiting an employment assistance placement the proportion of people in part-time work who remain on benefits is somewhat larger than the proportion that have moved off income support for reasons other than employment (e.g. leaving the labour market).  
Three month off-benefit outcomes tend to mirror what is found in relation to employment outcomes, with those programmes that achieve high employment outcomes achieving high three months off-benefit outcomes. Those that achieve high off-benefit outcomes at three months experience little change at the six month mark.  This indicates that for these programmes the benefits happen relatively shortly after completing the programme.   
For other programmes, particularly those targeted at the more disadvantaged, it is evident that there is a substantial rise in off-benefit levels between three and six months after leaving assistance.  This indicates that the benefits from the programmes tends to take longer to materialise for the job seeker.  Notwithstanding this longer lead time, strong off-benefit outcomes are achieved for most programmes.  
Off-benefit outcomes for Intensive Support are particularly strong.  Over half of the in-scope Intensive Support population were off Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) six months after they became in-scope.  This result reinforces the results outlined in Tables 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 that showed the strong full-time employment outcomes achieved by Intensive Support.   

Figure 5.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2006 and were not on income support three months later.
2.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 and were not on income support six months later.  

Technical Notes

Data sources, sampling, further assistance and survey results
Data Sources
The department uses a number of data sources to determine the outcomes achieved by job seekers during and after they have ceased labour market assistance.  The two main data sources are the Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) survey and the department’s administrative database held within the Integrated Employment System (IES).
PPM surveys have been undertaken since 1987 and are used to assess the labour force and education status of former programme participants three months after they exit assistance.  The IES records details of placements, commencements and paid outcomes for labour market assistance.
Survey Sampling
With the introduction of the Active Participation Model (APM) in July 2003 the PPM methodology was subjected to revision.  Prior to the APM, a full enumeration of clients exiting programmes and not in further assistance was attempted (with the exception of Intensive Assistance and Job Matching which were based on 25% samples).
From July 2003 onwards, the PPM survey uses a sampling approach to assess the performance of all employment assistance.  For all programmes except Job Placement, a 25% sample of clients in the following categories is undertaken:
a) clients found to be on full-rate of Newstart or Youth Allowance(Other) and/or in a subsequent programme placement (also known as ‘further assistance’) at the time they are due to be surveyed;
b) clients who achieved a 13 week payable outcome after receiving assistance under Intensive Support; and
c) clients who have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support (IS) without exiting.
The PPM outcome of clients in category (b) is recorded as employed or in education based on the type of payable outcome they achieved.  These clients are only surveyed to obtain supplementary information about their labour force and education status.  A full enumeration of clients not in categories a, b, or c is attempted.
For clients who were placed in a job through Job Placement, a survey of 25% of clients is undertaken.

Further Assistance
A client is defined as being in further assistance if, at the time they are due to be surveyed, the client is found to have commenced a subsequent placement.  Intensive Support itself is not counted as further assistance unless the client moves between providers for whatever reason.
As outlined previously, a 25% sample of clients found to be in further assistance is currently included in the survey.  Prior to the commencement of the APM, clients in further assistance were not surveyed and their outcomes were simply recorded as ‘in further assistance’.  While these clients may have potentially been either in a part time job and/or in education, these outcomes were not captured as these clients were not surveyed.  Under the new sampling methodology these outcomes can now be recorded.
The impact on PPM results of surveying job seekers in further assistance will vary amongst the programmes.  Programmes such as TTW and NEIS will see little impact on their outcomes results given that few of their participants proceeded to further assistance.  For other programs, the impacts will vary, but any variations will generally be modest.
Comparisons with pre-APM outcomes
In addition to the limitations outlined above in the ‘Further Assistance’ section, care should also be taken when comparing outcomes achieved for services delivered under the APM with outcomes for similar pre-APM Job Network services.  This is because similar types of assistance (eg Intensive Assistance delivered under ESC rounds 1 and 2, and Intensive Support customised assistance delivered under the APM), will have differences in client mix and the type, and way, in which services are delivered to clients.
Intensive Support population
The population used for the calculation of IS outcomes includes those clients who, in any given reporting period first: a) exited IS, b) began a 13 week period leading to an outcome or intermediate payment; or c) reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in IS without exiting.
Clients are surveyed after 12, 24 and 36 months participation to avoid potential biases in the calculation of outcomes results.  If these clients were not surveyed as they progressed through IS, outcomes would be overstated as those not achieving outcomes would remain in assistance and not enter the survey.  From the December 2005 quarter onwards, outcomes are reported for the Intensive Support population as a whole as well as being broken down to the 12 and 24 month sub samples.  
In addition, if a client is due to be surveyed during /after their participation in IS, or after participating in ISca or ISjst, and is found to have been surveyed in the last 3 months, then their outcome will be set to the outcome (if it is known) that was obtained when they were surveyed previously.

Survey results
Aside from IS, ISjst and ISca, where PPM results are based on a combination of survey responses and payable outcomes data, all outcome estimates are based on survey responses.  The overall response rate for the PPM survey, at around 60%, provides outcomes estimates that are generally accurate to within plus or minus 1 percentage point at the National level.

Labour Market Assistance Descriptions
Intensive Support stream:  provides individually tailored assistance for up to 42 months for eligible job seekers.  Access to assistance through Intensive Support is immediately at registration for those job seekers identified as highly disadvantaged with the remainder having access to assistance after three months of unemployment.  Under Intensive Support a job seeker can have access to the general Intensive Support assistance, Intensive Support job search training and/or Intensive Support customised assistance.
Intensive Support (IS):  assistance will be provided during periods between ISjst, ISmo and ISca.  During these periods, job seekers will continue to have access to job search assistance and facilities at their Job Network member site, guidance in relation to job search and the regular updating of their vocational profile.  
Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca):  provides for six months of assistance tailored to the jobseekers’ individual needs and to available jobs opportunities.  Job seekers who are most disadvantaged (as determined by their JSCI score) receive immediate access to ISca.  Other job seekers will be eligible to receive ISca assistance after 12 months of unemployment.  
Intensive Support job search training (ISjst):  provides training for up to 100 hours (over three weeks) in job search techniques and job application skills to give unemployed people the skills and confidence to improve their job search skills, motivation and expand their job search networks.  Mature age and Indigenous job seekers have immediate access to ISjst on registration for unemployment allowance.  
Intensive Support mutual obligation (ISmo):  occurs at the same time that a job seeker’s ordinary mutual obligation requirements commence.  The objective of Job Network services during these periods is to ensure that job seekers continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job Placement services refer suitable job seekers to vacancies and canvass and list job vacancies on the Australian Job Search database.  DEWR licensed 

recruitment agencies, Job Placement Organisation (JPOs), are in a position to provide Job Placement service to eligible job seekers. Job Network members are licensed as JPOs. 
New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS): provides support and training for eligible job seekers who wish to pursue the option of self-employment. 
Indigenous Employment Programme: replaced the Training for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders Programme (TAP) and has several components. It includes Wage Assistance which is a wage subsidy paid to employers over 26 weeks providing on-going employment. In Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), employers in the private sector and regional and community based employment sponsor organisations provide jobs, generally involving accredited training or a traineeship. 
Indigenous Employment Centres: help Community Development Employment Project participants find employment.
Work for the Dole: provides assistance for job seekers to develop work habits, generic work skills and work experience by participating in community projects and activities for up to 26 weeks over a 12 month period.
Community Work placements: assist job seekers to gain skills and work experience and provides access to additional benefits such as Training Credits and Passport to Employment after participating in voluntary work for a specified number of hours. 
Transition to Work Programme: helps job seekers who are parents, carers and mature age people 50 years and over entering the workforce for the first time or returning to the workforce after an absence of 2 years or more. 
Training accounts: help mature age and indigenous job seekers who participate in Intensive Support or Indigenous Employment Centres improve their employment prospects through the provision of training. 
Training Credits: provide job seekers who participate in a Work for the Dole or Community Work Placement for between 16 and 26 weeks with a training credit which can be used to pay for additional training.

General Definitions
AJS, Australian JobSearch (http://jobsearch.gov.au): lists all job vacancies notified to the Job Network and provides contact details for Job Network members.  It is available in Centrelink and at Job Network member offices and through the DEWR Internet site (http://www.workplace.gov.au).
Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) is a programme aimed at providing activities that; improve participants employability, develop business opportunities and contribute to community needs.  The overall aim is to support Indigenous Australians achieve economic independence.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a CDEP after leaving labour market assistance. 
Community Work Coordinators: are contracted to develop Community Work placements and Work for the Dole projects/activities and manage the placement of eligible job seekers into those projects/activities.
Educational attainment: refers to the highest educational level completed by job seekers. 
Eligible vacancy: is a job vacancy listed on the Australian Job Search database that is eligible for a payment under Job Network.
Further assistance: includes job seekers who proceed to another DEWR or DEST funded employment programme or service within three months of exiting employment assistance. It includes commencements in Intensive Support job search training (ISjst), Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca), New Apprenticeships, NEIS, Work for the Dole, Green Corps, Advanced English for Migrants Programme (AEMP) and the STEP and Wage Assistance components of the Indigenous Employment Policy.  A job seeker who is in the general Intensive Support or Job Search Support streams of assistance are not regarded as being in further assistance.  
Income support recipients: includes job seekers registered with Centrelink as unemployed and in receipt of Newstart Allowance (NSA) or job seekers aged 15 to 24 not in full-time education and in receipt of Youth Allowance (Other) (YA). 

Job Search Support Only (JSSO): refers to those job seekers, irrespective of their income support status, who are eligible for only Job Search Support services and no other form of Job Network services.  JSSO job seekers can renew their registration as unemployed every three months with either Centrelink or their Job Network member. 
Job placements: include placements provided under Job Search Support and job placements under Intensive Support customised assistance.
Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE): refers to those job seekers who are eligible to receive the full suite of Job Network services.  Any unemployed person receiving Newstart Allowance or Youth Allowance (Other) or another form of qualifying income support payment and young people not in full-time study irrespective of income support are eligible for Job Network assistance.  CDEP participants are also eligible for Job Network services.
Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI): a measurement of a job seeker’s relative disadvantage in obtaining employment – because of their personal circumstance and labour market skills – and is used to determine the level of labour market assistance required. 
People from Culturally And Linguistic Diverse backgrounds (CALD): refers to people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds, where the main language spoken is not English.
Work for the Dole (WfD) commencement: involves a job seeker participating in a WfD activity for up to six months over a 12-month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
Work for the Dole exit: for the purposes of PPM, occurs when a job seeker has a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months and in relation to their last CWC placement in the 12 month period.  Clients exiting WfD will be subsequently surveyed. 

Regional Coverage
Regions used in this report are based on the 19 labour market regions used in contracting for DEWR programmes and services.

DEWR labour market regions

Perth
Southern WA
Greater WA
Northern Teritory
SA Country
Adelaide
Central and Northern QLD
Southern QLD
Brisbane
Western NSW
Hunter and North Coast
Sydney
ACT
Riverina
Illawarra and South East NSW
Eastern Victoria
Melbourne
Western Victoria
Tasmania