Labour Market 
Assistance Outcomes
Year ending June 2007	
This report contains information about placements, commencements and post labour market assistance outcomes achieved for employment services managed by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations.
Main features
Outcomes	
The positive outcomes (employment and/or education/training) rates achieved in the year ending June 2007, three months after leaving assistance were:
•	77% for Job Placement;
•	60% for Intensive Support job search training;
•	55% for Intensive Support customised assistance;
•	59% for Intensive Support;
•	88% for New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS);
•	40% for Work for the Dole;
•	40% for Community Work Placements;
•	22% for the Personal Support Programme;
•	46% for Vocational Rehabilitation Services;
•	70% for Indigenous Employment Programme Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP);  and
•	71% for Indigenous Employment Programme Wage Assistance.	

Job Vacancies and Placements	
In the year to end June 2007, 2,368,000 vacancies were notified on the Australian Job Search database, of which around 1,081,000 were lodged by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations (including vacancies lodged through the Internet and Teleservicing).  In the year to end June 2007, 645,600 Job Network eligible job seekers were placed into Job Placement vacancies by Job Network Members or Job Placement Organisations.	

Commencements	
In the year to 30 June 2007, commencements in the various types of labour market assistance included:
•	420,800 in Job Search Support;
•	372,200 in Intensive Support;
•	6,300 in NEIS;
•	7,700 in the STEP and Wage Assistance elements of the Indigenous Employment Programme;
•	30,500 in the Personal Support Programme;
•	32,400 in Vocational Rehabilitation Services;
•	28,600 in the Disability Employment Network;
•	92,700 in Work for the Dole;  and
•	1,000 in Community Work Placement.	

Income Support	
In the year to end June 2007, the number of job seekers in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 29,000 to just over 520,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients (ie on allowances for 12 months or more) decreased by just under 17,200 to under 306,000 while the number of short-term recipients decreased by around 11,700 to just under 215,000.	

In this issue	
Changes to the Employment Services Market 	Page 3
Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes: year to end June 2007	Page 4
Table 1.1 Post assistance labour market outcomes	Page 4
Table 1.2 Post assistance employment and positive outcomes	Page 5
Table 1.3 Intensive Support outcomes	Page 6
Table 1.4 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 outcomes	Page 7
Table 1.5 Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 outcomes	Page 8
Table 1.6 Intensive Support customised assistance combined outcomes	Page 9
Table 1.7 Intensive Support job search training outcomes	Page 10
Table 1.8 Job Placement outcomes	Page 11
Table 1.9 New Enterprise Incentive Scheme outcomes	Page 12
Table 1.10 Work for the Dole outcomes	Page 13
Table 1.11 Vocational Rehabilitation Services outcomes	Page 14
Table 1.12 Personal Support Programme outcomes	Page 15
Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance 	Page 16
Figure 2.1 Trends in outcomes for employment services 2001–2007	Page 16
Figure 2.2 Longer-term outcomes from employment assistance	Page 17
Figure 2.3 Average earnings sustainability	Page 18
Figure 2.4 Occupational outcomes	Page 18
Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance: year to end June 2007	Page 19
Table 3.1 Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years	Page 19
Table 3.2 Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics	Page 20
Table 3.3 Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics	Page 21
Table 3.4 Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics	Page 22
Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region: year to end June 2007	Page 23
Table 4.1 Commencements in labour market assistance by region	Page 23
Table 4.2 Commencements in labour market assistance by region (proportion)	Page 24
Table 4.3 Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes	Page 25
Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients	Page 26
Figure 5.1 Number of income support recipients	Page 26
Figure 5.2 Three and six month off-benefit status of job seekers following assistance	Page 27 
Technical Notes	Page 28
	
Time periods used in this report	
The Department’s Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) Survey measures outcomes achieved by job seekers three months after they exit labour market assistance.  This report contains outcomes data for job seekers who exited assistance in the 12 months to 31 March 2007 and their post assistance outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.  
Intensive Support post assistance outcomes should not be confused with paid interim or paid final outcomes.  Post assistance outcomes are all employment and education outcomes while paid outcomes relate to a subset of employment and education outcomes where Job Network members receive payment for outcomes. 
Commencement and placement data, derived from DEWR and Centrelink administrative systems, relate to job seekers who were placed in a job or commenced labour market assistance between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007 and 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2006.  	
	
More information……	
For further information, please contact Michael Cameron (02) 6121 7240 or e-mail sarah.crooks@dewr.gov.au.

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Department of Employment and Workplace Relations 
http://www.workplace.gov.au/	

Changes to the Employment Services Market

On 1 July 2003, significant changes were introduced to the employment services market.  The Active Participation Model (announced in the 2002–03 Budget) provides on-going customised service to job seekers and has a number of innovative features, such as a Job Seeker Account to fund preparation of job seekers for work.  
In the 2005–06 Budget further reforms were announced as part of the overarching Welfare to Work changes.  These reforms were designed to increase participation and achieve long-term employment outcomes for key target groups including: mature age job seekers; parents; People with a Disability; and the very long-term unemployed.  
Access to income support
From 1 July 2006 changes in eligibility for income support were introduced for working age Australians.  Eligibility for Parenting Payment Single (PPS) and Parenting Payment Partnered (PPP) for new claimants was altered with the threshold age for youngest child changing to 6 (if partnered) or 8 (if single).  Similarly, eligibility for the Disability Support Pension (DSP) was varied.  People with a disability seeking income support are referred to a Job Capacity Assessment (JCA) to determine their work capacity.  Those unable to work for at least 15 hours per week will be eligible for DSP.  If a new claimant does not meet the new eligibility criteria for PPP, PPS or DSP they are able to claim an alternative income support payment (typically Newstart Allowance).
Participation in assistance
On registration with Centrelink, each eligible job seeker is referred to a single Job Network member who will provide services to them while they remain eligible for assistance or get a job.  Two services are delivered by all Job Network members under the Active Participation Model – Job Search Support and Intensive Support.
Job Search Support services are available to all eligible job seekers immediately upon registration with Centrelink or a Job Network member and continue until the job seeker leaves employment services.  On first contact with their Job Network member job seekers have their vocational profile entered into the JobSearch database for daily matching against new job vacancies.  Job seekers also have access to a range of other job search facilities such as touchscreens, computers and faxes as well as assistance in the preparation of job applications.
If an eligible job seeker has not found work within the first three months of Job Search Support, their Job Network member will arrange for them to participate in Intensive Support.  Job search training is the first element of Intensive Support.  It assists job seekers to obtain employment through individually tailored assistance that is designed to improve their job search skills, confidence and expand their job search networks.  As of 1 July 2006, Employment Preparation assistance was introduced into Job Network.  Superseding the Transition to Work programme, it provides assistance to parents, mature age job seekers and those on Carers Allowance.  Eligible job seekers can access Employment Preparation either while they are in the Job Search Support or at the start of their Intensive Support phase depending of their Job Network eligibility.  
After six months of unemployment (and periodically thereafter), most activity-tested job seekers will be required to fulfil a Mutual Obligation requirement.  During these periods job seekers remain in Intensive Support and it is the responsibility of their Job Network member to ensure that they continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job seekers who have been unemployed for at least 12 months or are identified by Centrelink as being highly disadvantaged at registration receive Intensive Support customised assistance.  Over a six month period this service provides tailored assistance to address individual barriers to employment and their efforts in looking for work.  Job seekers who are still unemployed after 24 months (or 12 months for the highly disadvantaged) have access to a second six month period of customised assistance.
From July 2006 job seekers approaching the end of their second period of customised assistance will undergo an assessment.  Job seekers with a demonstrated history of job search avoidance can be referred to full-time Work for the Dole.  Alternatively, job seekers may have access to Wage Assist support which provides a wage subsidy payment of $350 per fortnight to facilitate placement into a full-time on-going job.  The assessment may also indicate that the job seeker might benefit from assistance from a complementary programme.
From 1 July 2006 the Disability Employment Network was introduced which includes both capped and uncapped streams of assistance.  It provides assistance to job seekers with a disability, focusing on achieving sustained employment outcomes.  Other complementary programmes that job seekers could access for assistance throughout their period of unemployment includes Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS), Job Placement, Employment and Training  (JPET), the Indigenous Employment Programme and the Personal Support Programme (PSP)  
In this report….
Section 2 of this report contains a brief analysis of longer-term outcomes from labour market assistance. 

Section 1: Labour Market Assistance Outcomes

Post assistance labour market outcomes
Table 1.1 shows labour market outcomes and further assistance levels of all job seekers three months after leaving the various types of employment assistance.  
Employment outcomes for the suite of Job Network assistance remains strong.  
Job seekers are categorised as employed, unemployed, not in the labour force or in further assistance.
In editions of Labour Market Assistance Outcomes pre-June 2004, employment, unemployment, not in 

the labour force and further assistance outcomes were recorded as being mutually exclusive outcomes (ie. they added up to 100%).
As jobseekers are continuously in assistance under the Active Participation Model, clients in further assistance are surveyed and their responses are used to determine their labour market status. 
Care should also be taken when comparing outcomes for current services with labour market programmes operating prior to the introduction of Job Network.  The Technical Notes at the end of this report discuss these issues further. 

Table 1.1: Post assistance1 labour market outcomes year to end June 2007

Labour market assistance	Employed
(%)	Unemployed
(%)	Not in the Labour Force
(%)	Further Assistance2
(%)	Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	73.0	21.8	5.2	na	95,738	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	69.9	24.8	5.3	na	57,088	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	77.9	17.1	5.0	na	38,650	
Intensive Support	51.1 	36.6	12.1	10.6	376,326	
Intensive Support job search training	50.8	41.7	7.6	3.5	139,525	
Intensive Support customised assistance	45.1	41.1	13.8	15.5	259,069	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	46.7	38.5	14.8	13.9	181,495	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	41.4	47.1	11.5	19.2	77,574	
NEIS	84.5	10.1	5.4	2.2	6,270	
Work for the Dole	31.6	58.1	10.3	33.2	93,983	
Community Work	33.4	60.2	6.5	29.0	2,500	
IEP - STEP	60.2	30.6	9.2	21.3	3,364	
IEP - Wage Assistance	66.0	27.7	6.4	27.7	2,506	
Personal Support Programme	16.9	38.4	44.7	na3	29,021	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services	39.0	26.3	34.7	na3	18,684	
1.	Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP) Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance, Personal Support Programme (PSP) or Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Further assistance includes commencements in DEWR funded labour market assistance.  Job seekers who do not achieve an employment outcome are treated as either unemployed or not in the labour force. 
3.	Further assistance figures are not available for the Personal Support Programme or Vocational Rehabilitation Services.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Post assistance employment and positive outcomes
Table 1.2 shows job seekers’ shares of full-time and part-time employment, education/training and positive outcomes three months after leaving different types of labour market assistance.
Education and training outcomes include job seekers who are studying at a secondary school or college, TAFE, business college or university three months after ceasing labour market assistance. 
Outcomes for STEP remain encouraging with a positive outcomes rate of 70 per cent.  
Outcomes for all other programmes are relatively unchanged from last quarter. 

Table 1.2: Post assistance1 employment and positive outcomes year to end June 2007

Labour market assistance	Full-time Employed
(%)	Part-time Employed
(%)	Total
Employed
(%)	Education & Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	
Exits
(number)	
Job Placement	46.6	26.4	73.0	12.6	76.7	95,738	
Fully Job Network eligible (FJNE)	42.8	27.1	69.9	12.5	74.0	57,088	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO)	52.4	25.4	77.9	12.6	80.8	38,650	
Intensive Support	22.6	28.7	51.1	12.2	59.2	376,326	
Intensive Support job search training	24.0	26.7	50.8	14.5	60.1	139,525	
Intensive Support customised assistance	16.8	28.3	45.1	12.6	54.8	259,069	
Intensive Support customised assistance 1	18.7	28.0	46.7	13.2	56.9	181,495	
Intensive Support customised assistance 2	12.6	28.7	41.4	11.5	50.3	77,574	
NEIS	47.6	36.9	84.5	10.6	87.5	6,270	
Work for the Dole	14.2	17.4	31.6	10.4	39.5	93,983	
Community Work	12.0	21.4	33.4	10.4	40.4	2,500	
IEP - STEP	45.5	14.7	60.2	23.7	69.7                      	3,364	
IEP - Wage Assistance	48.1	17.9	66.0	19.8	70.6	2,506	
Personal Support Programme	6.6	10.3	16.9	6.9	22.1	29,021	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services	14.2	24.8	39.0	11.4	46.1	18,684	
1 Post assistance outcomes are measured three months after job seekers cease assistance and relate to job seekers who were in-scope for inclusion in the Intensive Support sample and job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), Work for the Dole, Community Work, Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP) Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), IEP Wage Assistance, Personal Support Programme (PSP) or Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) or achieved an eligible Job Network placement between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007.  Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education outcome.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Intensive Support
Table 1.3 reports the post assistance outcomes achieved for both the 12, 24 and 36 month in-scope population for Intensive Support.  Detailed information about the 12, 24 and 36 months samples were previously reported separately, however, results for Intensive Support will now only be reported on as a whole.
Overall around 59 per cent of Intensive Support participants were in employment and/or education/training 3 months following assistance.
Outcomes for sole parents are particularly encouraging with 56 per cent in some kind of employment three months following assistance.  

Table 1.3: Intensive Support: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	In-scope population3
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	30.2	25.5	55.7	17.0	64.8	77,348	
21 to 24	34.0	24.2	58.2	15.6	67.7	51,749	
25 to 34	25.6	28.3	53.8	13.1	62.2	82,461	
35 to 49	20.8	31.0	51.7	11.8	59.9	110,582	
50 or more	13.8	29.1	43.0	8.2	49.0	54,186	
Duration on income support (months)						
0 to less than 6	28.8	28.6	57.4	12.5	65.4	165,354	
6 to less than 12	19.6	31.4	50.9	11.5	58.4	30,273	
12 to less than 24	17.2	30.5	47.7	11.4	55.7	38,400	
24 to less than 36	19.2	27.7	46.8	12.0	54.4	24,821	
36 or more	12.2	28.4	40.6	11.5	48.9	87,305	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	17.2	24.6	41.8	10.0	49.8	57,520	
Year 10 or 11	24.3	29.1	53.4	10.1	59.7	102,370	
Year 12	28.3	31.2	59.5	17.8	69.9	53,328	
Post Secondary	30.3	32.3	62.5	13.8	70.8	89,724	
Gender							
Males	26.0	22.9	48.8	9.7	55.5	228,048	
Females	18.3	36.8	55.1	15.2	64.6	148,278	
Equity Groups4							
Disability	13.9	26.4	40.3	10.5	47.8	37,786	
Indigenous	18.4	19.7	38.0	12.9	47.0	36,716	
CALD5	19.8	25.2	45.1	17.8	59.3	60,624	
Sole Parents	16.1	39.9	56.0	15.1	65.0	36,416	
Total	22.6	28.7	51.1	12.2	59.2	376,326	
1.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2006 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.  The commencement period is limited to ensure that only those participants that could have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support are included in the in-scope sample.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	See the technical notes at the end of the report for a definition of the in-scope population.  
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.4 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left their first placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca1) between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.  Around 57 per cent of ISca1 participants were employed and/or in education/training 3 months following assistance.   

Table 1.4: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	21.9	33.1	55.0	11.4	63.1	95,106	
Highly disadvantaged4	14.9	22.2	37.1	15.4	49.8	86,389	
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	21.7	26.4	48.1	14.9	59.2	37,174	
21 to 24	23.4	29.0	52.4	16.7	64.1	21,546	
25 to 34	21.0	26.9	48.0	13.2	57.7	39,083	
35 to 49	18.3	29.2	47.4	14.2	58.6	54,133	
50 or more	12.7	28.9	41.5	9.8	49.5	29,559	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.8	23.5	43.3	14.5	54.6	44,509	
6 to less than 12	20.3	32.8	53.1	13.3	62.8	34,838	
12 to less than 24	18.3	28.6	46.9	12.6	56.8	36,233	
24 to less than 36	16.2	26.6	42.8	13.0	53.2	11,533	
36 or more	14.2	27.1	41.3	13.5	52.0	41,132	
Educational attainment 							
Less than Year 10	13.7	21.0	34.7	13.0	46.3	45,439	
Year 10 or 11	18.0	27.4	45.5	10.9	53.9	61,687	
Year 12	22.3	31.8	54.1	16.2	65.7	26,823	
Post Secondary	21.4	32.7	54.1	14.5	64.6	45,443	
Gender							
Males	21.8	24.2	45.9	10.3	54.1	98,215	
Females	15.5	32.2	47.7	16.2	59.8	83,280	
Equity Groups5							
Disability	13.1	25.8	38.9	11.0	47.6	26,589	
Indigenous	16.1	18.4	34.5	11.0	43.2	34,163	
CALD6	17.5	23.7	41.1	21.4	59.3	32,267	
Sole Parents	18.1	31.1	49.2	15.6	60.8	28,528	
Total	18.7	28.0	46.7	13.2	56.9	181,495	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 1 between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.5 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the second placement/phase of Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca2) between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.
Outcomes were somewhat lower for those completing their second phase of ISca with a positive outcomes rate of 50 per cent, reflecting their relative disadvantage compared to the ISca1 clients. 

Table 1.5: Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	15.1	32.0	47.1	10.3	54.7	39,846	
Highly disadvantaged4	10.1	25.2	35.3	12.7	45.7	37,728	
Age Group (years)						 	
15 to 20	15.0	25.2	40.3	10.5	47.8	10,473	
21 to 24	16.2	25.9	42.0	12.4	51.2	10,076	
25 to 34	15.7	26.6	42.4	12.9	52.4	15,529	
35 to 49	13.0	31.1	44.1	12.8	54.1	24,574	
50 or more	8.3	29.8	38.0	9.6	45.8	16,922	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	18.8	25.7	44.5	7.2	49.9	3,836	
6 to less than 12	16.0	27.9	43.9	12.0	53.4	2,301	
12 to less than 24	13.0	29.5	42.5	13.2	52.9	17,778	
24 to less than 36	15.1	30.3	45.3	11.6	54.2	16,689	
36 or more	10.3	27.7	38.0	11.0	46.8	35,267	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	9.6	23.4	33.0	10.0	41.4	20,878	
Year 10 or 11	13.0	29.0	42.0	9.2	49.0	27,174	
Year 12	14.0	31.3	45.2	14.5	56.6	9,482	
Post Secondary	14.6	32.4	47.1	14.1	57.7	19,477	
Gender						 	
Males	14.0	24.0	38.0	9.4	45.8	46,049	
Females	10.9	35.3	46.3	14.2	56.6	31,525	
Equity Groups5						 	
Disability	8.9	25.8	34.7	11.1	43.9	11,562	
Indigenous	12.4	18.7	31.1	9.0	38.3	13,424	
CALD6	11.8	26.7	38.5	18.9	54.5	12,749	
Sole Parents	15.0	35.6	50.5	15.3	60.8	8,977	
Total	12.6	28.7	41.4	11.5	50.3	77,574	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance phase 2 between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support customised assistance
Table 1.6 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.
Positive outcomes for Intensive Support customised assistance overall were around 55 per cent, up by 1 percentage point from the previous quarter. 

Table 1.6: Intensive Support customised assistance combined: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Disadvantage status							
Non-highly disadvantaged3	19.9	32.8	52.7	11.0	60.6	134,952	
Highly disadvantaged4	13.3	23.2	36.6	14.5	48.5	124,117	
Age Group (years)						 	
15 to 20	20.2	26.2	46.4	14.0	56.7	47,647	
21 to 24	21.1	27.9	49.0	15.2	59.8	31,622	
25 to 34	19.5	26.9	46.3	13.1	56.2	54,613	
35 to 49	16.6	29.8	46.4	13.8	57.1	78,706	
50 or more	11.0	29.2	40.3	9.7	48.1	46,481	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.7	23.7	43.3	14.0	54.3	48,345	
6 to less than 12	20.0	32.5	52.6	13.2	62.2	37,139	
12 to less than 24	16.5	29.0	45.5	12.8	55.5	54,011	
24 to less than 36	15.6	28.8	44.4	12.1	53.8	28,222	
36 or more	12.4	27.4	39.8	12.3	49.6	76,399	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	12.4	21.9	34.2	12.0	44.6	66,318	
Year 10 or 11	16.4	28.0	44.4	10.3	52.4	88,861	
Year 12	20.1	31.7	51.8	15.7	63.2	36,306	
Post Secondary	19.3	32.7	52.0	14.3	62.4	64,921	
Gender						 	
Males	19.2	24.2	43.3	10.0	51.4	144,263	
Females	14.2	33.1	47.3	15.6	58.9	114,806	
Equity Groups5						 	
Disability	11.8	25.8	37.6	11.0	46.5	38,152	
Indigenous	15.0	18.5	33.5	10.4	41.8	47,587	
CALD6	15.8	24.6	40.4	20.6	57.9	45,015	
Sole Parents	17.3	32.2	49.6	15.5	60.8	37,506	
Total	16.8	28.3	45.1	12.6	54.8	259,069	
1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support customised assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 24 or less and would have access to customised assistance at 12 months unemployment.  
4.	Job seeker who had a JSCI score of 25 or above at time of registration and had access to customised assistance immediately.  
5.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
6.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance. 

Intensive Support job search training
Table 1.7 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left Intensive Support job search training between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.  
Post assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training participants by duration on allowance are not provided because almost all job seekers will access job search training immediately on their entry to the Intensive Support stream of assistance – which usually occurs at the three month mark of unemployment. 
Post-assistance outcomes for Intensive Support job search training remain strong with positive outcome levels around 60 per cent.   

Table 1.7: Intensive Support job search training: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	23.3	27.5	50.8	21.9	65.0	34,665	
21 to 24	31.0	27.6	58.6	17.3	67.7	27,782	
25 to 34	26.9	25.3	52.2	12.2	60.2	30,262	
35 to 49	21.6	27.7	49.3	12.2	57.7	31,332	
50 or more	19.8	26.0	45.8	8.0	51.2	15,484	
Educational attainment						 	
Less than Year 10	17.9	22.2	40.1	10.4	48.4	13,421	
Year 10 or 11	21.2	24.9	46.1	11.3	54.0	40,194	
Year 12	24.8	29.1	53.9	18.9	65.1	30,314	
Post Secondary	26.5	27.5	54.0	14.8	63.1	37,324	
Gender						 	
Males	28.1	21.7	49.8	11.9	57.7	82,261	
Females	19.2	33.1	52.3	17.7	63.2	57,264	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	17.6	25.0	42.6	10.4	49.6	3,659	
Indigenous	24.5	21.8	46.4	10.4	53.4	4,119	
CALD4	21.8	23.4	45.2	18.4	58.3	20,949	
Sole Parents	12.4	34.5	46.9	15.7	58.0	8,420	
Total	24.0	26.7	50.8	14.5	60.1	139,525	

1.	Job seekers who left Intensive Support job search training placements between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Job Placement
Table 1.8 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who were placed into work through a Job Placement outcome between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.  
Post-assistance outcomes for Job Placement have sustained their high levels, with over three-quarters of participants in employment and/or education three months after their original job placement.  Outcomes were around those achieved in the March 2007 quarter. 

Table 1.8: Job Placements: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	50.5	22.8	73.2	23.1	79.0	25,497	
21 to 24	46.6	24.1	70.7	14.0	75.2	14,531	
25 to 34	47.5	25.6	73.0	11.4	76.6	23,501	
35 to 49	44.8	29.3	74.0	7.8	76.6	23,950	
50 or more	42.0	30.3	72.3	4.6	73.9	8,259	
Duration on income support (months) 3		
0 to less than 6	49.2	25.1	74.2	13.6	78.3	31,018	
6 to less than 12	39.1	30.3	69.4	12.3	72.7	9,680	
12 to less than 24	34.1	30.0	64.1	11.6	68.9	7,248	
24 to less than 36	33.4	31.1	64.5	8.8	68.0	3,939	
36 or more	27.1	27.0	54.1	10.2	59.5	5,203	
Educational attainment 3						 	
Less than Year 10	34.3	26.9	61.2	8.6	65.5	6,491	
Year 10 or 11	40.6	26.7	67.3	9.3	71.4	17,493	
Year 12	48.8	25.7	74.5	17.7	79.0	10,292	
Post Secondary	41.1	28.1	69.3	11.8	73.5	11,206	
Gender						 	
Males	52.9	18.4	71.3	10.7	74.7	60,308	
Females	38.1	37.3	75.4	15.0	79.3	35,430	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	26.3	34.7	61.1	10.3	65.8	5,166	
Indigenous	34.3	20.5	54.9	15.0	60.2	3,344	
CALD4	38.6	30.0	68.7	15.8	76.4	5,419	
Sole Parents	27.0	45.0	72.1	10.7	75.8	4,709	
Job Network eligible (FJNE) 5	42.8	27.1	69.9	12.5	74.0	57,088	
Job Search Support Only (JSSO) 6	52.4	25.4	77.9	12.6	80.8	38,650	
Total	46.6	26.4	73.0	12.6	76.7	95,738	
1.	Job seekers who were placed in a Job Network eligible job between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2007.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in. Outcomes estimates are based on a 25% sample of job seekers.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Outcomes refer to Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers only as educational attainment and equity group details are not recorded for Job Search Support Only (JSSO) and JSSO job seekers are not on income support.  Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
5.	Includes Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE) job seekers who may be eligible for other Job Network services.
6.	Includes Job Search Support Only (JSSO) job seekers who are only eligible for Job Search Support services.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

New Enterprise Incentive Scheme
Table 1.9 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS) between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.  
Traditionally NEIS has always experienced higher outcomes compared to other types of labour market assistance.  This is due in part to the careful selection of viable businesses by NEIS providers prior to the commencement in assistance, as well as the characteristics of job seekers involved.
Post-assistance outcomes for NEIS continue to remain strong and well above stated targets.  Unlike some of the other programmes there is not the divergence in outcomes achieved among the different client types.    

Table 1.9: New Enterprise Incentive Scheme: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes3
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	Self Employed2
(%)	
Employed
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	na	na	na	na	na	na	
21 to 24	67.3	17.7	84.9	13.9	90.8	572	
25 to 34	72.2	15.5	87.7	13.6	90.9	2,001	
35 to 49	72.6	12.3	84.9	9.7	87.6	2,528	
50 or more	67.9	12.8	80.7	6.9	82.1	1,057	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	73.8	14.5	88.3	10.0	90.1	2,782	
6 to less than 12	75.3	11.2	86.5	11.6	89.0	1,148	
12 to less than 24	63.9	15.2	79.1	12.5	84.9	827	
24 to less than 36	71.3	8.8	80.1	6.7	84.5	373	
36 or more	63.7	14.3	78.0	11.5	81.8	1,045	
Educational attainment						 	
Less than Year 10	66.3	12.4	78.8	5.2	81.0	283	
Year 10 or 11	64.3	13.5	77.8	5.6	81.1	949	
Year 12	67.5	15.2	82.7	12.8	86.1	975	
Post Secondary	73.5	13.6	87.1	11.8	89.9	3,843	
Gender						 	
Males	71.7	13.3	85.1	7.7	87.3	3,352	
Females	70.1	13.9	84.0	13.8	87.7	2,918	
Equity Groups4						 	
Disability	64.8	11.9	76.7	8.6	80.4	627	
Indigenous	na	na	na	na	na	na	
CALD5	73.3	12.6	85.9	10.2	88.8	1,042	
Sole Parents	69.2	14.3	83.6	13.0	86.7	570	
Total	70.9	13.6	84.5	10.6	87.5	6,270	
1.	Job seekers who left NEIS placements between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Includes a small proportion of participants who are self employed but in a business not set up under NEIS. 
3.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.
na.        Not available as the estimate is based on a small number of known outcomes.
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.  

Work for the Dole
The Work for the Dole (WfD) Programme aims to develop the work habits of participants through involving them in quality projects that are of value to the community.  Employment outcomes are not part of the programme’s immediate objectives but are included here as they demonstrate the success of work experience and increased job search activity.  
Outcomes relate to WfD participants referred to Community Work Coordinators (CWC).  
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up 
to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of projects with different CWC’s before completing their placement.  For the purposes of PPM, job seekers are surveyed whenever they have a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months since their last CWC placement in a 12 month period.  
It should be noted that outcomes levels may change under the APM from pre-APM levels due to changes in the PPM survey methodology.  See the technical notes for more information.

Table 1.10: Work for the Dole: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	15.6	18.8	34.5	15.1	46.0	13,983	
21 to 24	17.8	17.9	35.8	11.9	45.0	19,604	
25 to 34	16.1	17.2	33.3	9.7	40.5	26,513	
35 to 49	12.3	17.0	29.4	9.1	36.3	31,325	
50 or more	5.5	15.7	21.2	9.7	27.8	2,558	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	23.8	18.6	42.3	12.1	51.1	11,756	
6 to less than 12	21.3	19.3	40.6	12.6	50.0	18,571	
12 to less than 24	14.7	18.2	32.9	12.8	43.1	13,611	
24 to less than 36	14.3	17.6	31.9	11.2	40.5	11,877	
36 or more	8.6	15.9	24.6	8.3	30.9	37,947	
Educational attainment					 		
Less than Year 10	10.0	13.3	23.3	7.3	29.2	18,496	
Year 10 or 11	13.4	16.8	30.2	7.6	36.0	33,738	
Year 12	16.6	18.6	35.2	14.4	46.5	15,678	
Post Secondary	16.2	19.8	36.0	12.7	45.2	23,659	
Gender					 		
Males	16.2	14.5	30.7	8.5	37.3	66,311	
Females	10.3	23.3	33.6	14.2	44.2	27,672	
Equity Groups3					 		
Disability	9.2	14.6	23.8	7.2	29.9	8,680	
Indigenous	10.2	10.3	20.4	10.0	28.3	8,139	
CALD4	14.7	16.4	31.1	13.9	42.5	12,479	
Sole Parents	6.6	24.5	31.1	15.9	43.1	2,094	
Total	14.2	17.4	31.6	10.4	39.5	93,983	
1.	Job seekers who left a Work for the Dole project between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) assist job seekers who have an injury, disability or health condition to enable them to work independently in the workforce.  It combines vocational rehabilitation with employment assistance.    

Table 1.11 shows the post assistance outcomes achieved by those who left VRS assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved three months later, up to 30 June 2007.

Around 46 per cent of those who exited assistance were in employment and/or education/training three months following assistance.  Outcomes for Indigenous and Sole Parent participants in particular are encouraging. 

Table 1.11: Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	14.4	23.4	37.9	25.4	53.8	846	
21 to 24	19.8	22.4	42.3	21.8	56.1	1,222	
25 to 34	19.1	23.8	42.9	14.8	51.0	3,540	
35 to 49	14.7	26.3	41.0	10.8	48.1	7,697	
50 or more	10.9	23.9	34.8	7.8	39.9	5,379	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	19.3	26.6	45.9	12.3	53.0	8,836	
6 to less than 12	17.0	23.1	40.1	9.4	46.1	1,635	
12 to less than 24	11.3	24.3	35.6	10.1	42.7	1,878	
24 to less than 36	10.4	24.2	34.6	10.8	41.0	1,176	
36 or more	6.1	22.7	28.8	10.9	36.5	5,079	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	7.5	21.2	28.7	6.4	33.2	2,915	
Year 10 or 11	13.4	23.9	37.3	8.5	42.9	4,948	
Year 12	13.7	23.7	37.4	14.2	45.9	2,155	
Post Secondary	17.8	27.0	44.8	13.7	52.8	4,808	
Gender						 	
Males	17.2	20.8	38.0	9.7	44.5	11,533	
Females	9.8	30.5	40.3	13.8	48.4	7,151	
Equity Groups3						 	
Indigenous	16.8	19.5	36.3	4.8	39.5	405	
CALD4	10.8	19.9	30.7	9.8	38.3	2,781	
Sole Parents	10.1	34.3	44.3	20.7	56.3	618	
Total	14.2	24.8	39.0	11.4	46.1	18,684	
1.	Job seekers who left Vocational Rehabilitation Services between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.
Personal Support Programme
The Personal Support Programme (PSP) is a pre-employment programme designed to assist job seekers with multiple non-vocational that are preventing them from getting a job or benefiting from employment assistance programmes such as Job Network, Vocational Rehabilitation Services or the Disability Employment Network. The assistance provides participants with time and support to address their barriers, while staying connected to the economic and social life of the community.   

Table 1.12 reports outcomes for participants in PSP who exited assistance during the period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved up to 30 June 2007.  
Despite catering to participants facing significant barriers, outcomes remain relatively high in relation to comparable programmes with around 22 per cent of participants in employment and/or education/training three months following assistance.

Table 1.12: Personal Support Programme: Post assistance outcomes year to end June 20071
	Employment	Education& Training
(%)	Positive Outcomes2
(%)	Exits
(number)	

Job seeker characteristics	
Full-time
(%)	
Part-time
(%)	Total Employed
(%)				
Age Group (years)							
15 to 20	6.1	11.5	17.6	11.2	25.8	2,198	
21 to 24	10.0	10.8	20.7	10.4	27.8	3,437	
25 to 34	7.8	9.7	17.5	7.7	23.4	8,929	
35 to 49	6.4	10.1	16.5	6.0	21.2	10,696	
50 or more	3.9	11.1	15.0	5.3	19.1	3,761	
Duration on income support (months)		
0 to less than 6	11.2	12.9	24.1	8.6	30.0	5,040	
6 to less than 12	10.1	10.2	20.3	8.3	26.9	3,650	
12 to less than 24	7.3	11.7	19.0	7.1                                                                                                                                         	24.2	5,156	
24 to less than 36	5.3	9.5	14.9	6.4	19.8	3,606	
36 or more	3.3	8.8	12.1	5.7	16.7	11,237	
Educational attainment 						 	
Less than Year 10	4.0	7.1	11.1	5.5	15.6	9,047	
Year 10 or 11	6.0	10.5	16.5	5.8	21.0	10,034	
Year 12	7.7	12.4	20.1	9.2	26.7	3,331	
Post Secondary	9.9	12.8	22.7	8.9	29.2	6,324	
Gender						 	
Males	7.8	7.6	15.4	5.3	19.6	18,006	
Females	4.8	14.1	18.9	9.2	25.7	11,007	
Equity Groups3						 	
Disability	6.2	9.6	15.8	5.8	20.2	12,838	
Indigenous	5.4	5.4	10.8	6.6	15.9	3,048	
CALD4	4.4	8.6	13.0	7.9	19.6	3,385	
Sole Parents	4.4	18.0	22.4	7.4	27.5	1,330	
Total	6.6	10.3	16.9	6.9	22.1	29,021	
1.	Job seekers who left a Personal Support Programme placement between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.
2.	Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes. Positive outcomes are less than the sum of employment and education/training outcomes because some job seekers achieve both an employment and an education/training outcome. Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 2: Trends in outcomes for Labour Market Assistance

An important measure of the effectiveness of employment assistance includes the longer-term trends in outcomes.  It provides an assessment of whether over the period of operation of an intervention the service providers have developed effective servicing strategies.
These outcomes can be influenced by a range of exogenous factors such as the strength of the labour market, the distribution of available jobs and the position of the economy within the economic cycle.
Similarly it would be expected that in the period following the introduction of a new intervention, outcomes will increase at a faster rate than interventions that have been in place for a longer period of time, as effective servicing strategies are developed.  
Figure 2.1, provides positive outcome results for the main employment services provided over the last six years (from March 2001).  For those interventions superseded by Active Participation Model assistance, the services they superseded are also included.  There is a break in the series of between three and five quarter during the transition from ESC2 to ESC3 for these interventions.  This was due to the fact that there were insufficient PPM survey responses to provide for robust outcome estimates.
It can be seen that outcomes for the suite of Job Network and Work for the Dole services have generally continued to trend up from the outcomes achieved under ESC2.  
Some of the growth can be attributed to changes to the methodology used for the Post Programme Monitoring survey.  See the technical notes at the end of this report for further information. 

Figure 2.1:  has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.  Positive outcomes for: Job Matching/Job Placement (JM/JP); Job Search Training/Intensive Support job search training (JST/ISjst); Intensive Assistance/Intensive Support customised assistance (IA/ISca); New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS); and Work for the Dole (WfD) for Post Programme Monitoring outcomes from March 2001 to June 2007.  Positive outcomes include employment and education/training outcomes.  Positive outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.

Longer-term outcomes from employment assistance

Outcomes reported in the Labour Market Assistance Outcomes report examine how labour market assistance is helping job seekers to find employment.   This section uses data 16 months following assistance to determine how sustainable these outcomes are and how outcomes change over time. 

As shown in Figure 2.2, employment outcomes were sustained or rose over the period between the 3 and 16 month surveys for all programmes.  

Encouragingly, employment outcomes for PPS and DSP clients in ISca were also sustained.

Movement between employment status is also important.  Between the 3 and 16 month mark 15 per cent of respondents who participated in ISca gained employment while 10 per cent lost employment.  A similar proportion (around 14 per cent) gained and lost employment after participating in JP.  As a result their employment rate did not change much between the 3 and 16 month mark. Around 20 per cent of respondents who participated in WfD and ISjst gained employment over the period whereas less than 10 per cent lost employment leading to a high net growth in employment outcomes.

Figure 2.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

*data from a longitudinal survey conducted of participants who exited assistance in the first half of 2004 and who responded to their 3 month PPM survey.

Longer-term outcomes from employment assistance (continued) 
Over the period between the 3 and 16 month post assistance mark there was a movement towards permanent employment and away from casual employment. This evidence is consistent with the stepping stone theory with average earnings and hours worked also rising (Figure 2.3).

Three months following a Job Placement around 37 per cent of those employed were in labourer and related worker jobs and 13 per cent were in elementary clerical sales and service worker jobs (Figure 2.4).  Only 1 per cent were employed as managers or administrators and 3 per cent in professional jobs.  For the other programmes there was a similar pattern with more participants employed in lower skilled jobs than in higher skilled jobs.  Between the 3 and 16 month mark there was a rise in the proportion with professional, managerial and administrator type jobs.  These occupations, however, were still under-represented compared to for Australia as a whole.

Figure 2.3: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Figure 2.4: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

Section 3: Access to and Participation in Labour Market Assistance

Type of labour market assistance
Table 3.1 shows the commencements in employment assistance for the year to end June 2006 and the year to end June 2007.  
It is evident that commencements in Job Network (Job Search Support, job search training and customised assistance) have fallen from the level  achieved in the year to June 2006.  This reflects the general strength of the labour market as evidenced by the fall of Newstart Allowance and Youth Allowance (other) job seekers outlined on page 1 (also see page 26). 
Community Work Placements have fallen from the previous year with many commencing in Work for the Dole instead.

Table 3.1: Participation by type of labour market assistance in each of the past two years1
	Year to end June 2006	Year to end June 2007	
Labour market assistance	Commencements
(number)	Commencements
(number)	
Job Search Support2	491,635	420,794	
Intensive Support3	366,259	372,190	
	job search training	117,608	114,913	
	first customised assistance (ISca1)	179,616	171,737	
	second customised assistance (ISca2)	85,004	67,806	
Job Placement	638,212	645,569	
NEIS	6,170	6,332	
Work for the Dole	87,073	92,712	
Community Work Placements	3,541	1,045	
IEP – STEP	3,496	5,250	
IEP - Wage Assistance	2,658	2,421	
Disability Employment Network	23,762	28,635	
Vocational Rehabilitation Services	25,482	32,444	
Personal Support Programme	26,479	30,513	
1.	Commencement or placement of job seekers in labour market assistance funded by DEWR for the two years of 1 July 2005 to 
30 June 2006 and 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.  
2.	Job seekers with a registered Vocational Profile in the year up to 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006.  
3.	Job seekers who commenced any phase of assistance within the Intensive Support stream.

Source: DEWR administrative systems

Participation in Job Network assistance
Access to services and programmes by job seekers with different characteristics will depend on their eligibility and on their assessed capacity to benefit from the assistance provided.
Job seekers with particular characteristics may be under-represented in some types of assistance but over-represented in others.  Hence, it is important to look at all types of assistance in assessing equity of assistance.  
Table 3.2 shows, for the range of Job Network services and the job seeker characteristics of those who received assistance in the year up to 30 June 2007.  Also provided is the demographic distribution of the Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) population at 30 June 2007.
Older job seekers’ participation in employment assistance remains lower than their proportion of the Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) population.  This is generally indicative of the alternatives available to these job seekers to meet their participation requirements as well the higher level of exemptions among these job seekers.  
The proportion of short-term unemployed job seekers (i.e. on income support for less than six months) in Job Search Support is influenced by the proportion of Job Search Support Only job seekers who have had a Vocational Profile completed, but may not be on income support.  

Table 3.2: Participation in Job Network assistance by job seeker characteristics: June 20071
	Newstart/Youth Allowance (other) recipients 	Employment Assistance type	
Job seeker characteristics		Job Search 
Support2
(%)	Job 
Placement3
 (%)	Intensive 
Support
(%)	
Age group (years)					
15 to 20 	12.7	23.1	19.3	23.0	
21 to 24	14.0	11.8	15.8	14.6	
25 to 34	23.4	21.3	24.6	21.6	
35 to 49	28.2	29.1	28.1	26.9	
50 or more	21.7	14.6	12.1	14.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)					
0 to less than 6	24.7	88.4	37.6	57.0	
6 to less than 12	13.9	3.9	18.7	14.1	
12 to less than 24	16.0	3.1	19.4	12.3	
24 to less than 36	11.1	1.5	9.3	6.1	
36 or more	34.2	3.1	15.0	10.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment					
Less than Year 10	22.0	15.0	16.2	19.9	
Year 10 or 11	33.3	31.8	36.4	35.6	
Year 12	17.5	24.0	19.5	19.1	
Post secondary	25.5	29.2	27.9	25.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Gender					
Male	61.3	48.6	62.5	53.5	
Female	38.7	51.4	37.5	46.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups4					
Disability	15.0	5.4	7.6	13.8	
Indigenous	10.3	6.9	7.8	6.3	
CALD5	17.3	19.0	13.0	14.3	
Sole parents	2.3	7.2	6.9	8.7	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.
2.	Commencements in Job Search Support measured through the demographic distribution of registered Vocational Profiles in the year up to 
30 June 2007.
3.	Demographic breakdown of Job Placements in the year up to 30 June 2007. 
4.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
5.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in NEIS
Table 3.3 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing NEIS.  This is shown only for those on an eligible allowance, such as Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older.  
NEIS is not targeted directly at job seekers with any particular characteristics.  Given the nature of the programme, however, some types of job seekers are less likely to participate in NEIS than others.  This is particularly the case for groups such as youth (those aged 15 – 20) and the equity groups.  On the other hand persons with a post secondary education participate in NEIS at a higher rate than their proportion of the eligible population. 

 Table 3.3: Access to NEIS by job seeker characteristics year to end June 20071

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for NEIS2
(%)	Commencement in NEIS
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.7	1.8	
21 to 24	14.5	8.8	
25 to 34	24.2	30.1	
35 to 49	29.1	41.1	
50 or more	22.4	18.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	23.7	48.6	
6 to less than 12	13.5	25.1	
12 to less than 24	15.9	13.2	
24 to less than 36	11.5	5.7	
36 or more	35.4	7.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.8	5.3	
Year 10 or 11	33.2	18.1	
Year 12	18.2	17.5	
Post secondary	26.7	59.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	61.8	53.2	
Female	38.2	46.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	15.4	8.2	
Indigenous	9.9	1.7	
CALD4	17.8	16.1	
Sole parents	2.4	7.2	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in NEIS from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) and 18 or over as at 30 June 2007. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English Speaking countries 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Participation in Work for the Dole
Table 3.4 shows, for a range of job seeker characteristics, the proportion in the eligible population and the proportion commencing Work for the Dole (WfD). This is shown only for those on the activity tested payments Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) and who are 18 years of age or older. 
Job seekers are required to participate in WfD for up to six months over a twelve month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs 
before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
WfD tends to exhibit different patterns in participation from NEIS with younger job seekers proportionally over-represented in the participating population in relation to their eligibility, while job seekers unemployed for less than six months under-represented.  Again this reflects the unique eligibility requirements of the programme. 

Table 3.4: Access to Work for the Dole by job seeker characteristics year to end June 20071

Job seeker characteristics	Eligibility for Work for Dole2
(%)	Commencement in Work for the Dole
(%)	
Age group (years)			
15 to 20 	9.7	15.0	
21 to 24	14.5	20.2	
25 to 34	24.2	27.6	
35 to 49	29.1	34.1	
50 or more	22.4	3.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Duration on income support (months)			
0 to less than 6	23.7	5.1	
6 to less than 12	13.5	26.1	
12 to less than 24	15.9	13.8	
24 to less than 36	11.5	13.1	
36 or more	35.4	41.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Educational attainment			
Less than Year 10	21.8	20.6	
Year 10 or 11	33.2	37.4	
Year 12	18.2	17.2	
Post secondary	26.7	24.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Gender			
Male	61.8	69.9	
Female	38.2	30.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	
Equity groups3			
Disability	15.4	7.3	
Indigenous	9.9	8.9	
CALD4	17.8	13.2	
Sole parents	2.4	0.6	

1.	Commencement of job seekers in Work for the Dole from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. 
2.	Job seekers receiving Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 June 2007. 
3.	Equity groups are not mutually exclusive.
4.	People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds from other than main English 

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Section 4: Participation and Outcomes by Region

Participation in labour market assistance by region
This section presents data on participation by job seekers in labour market assistance for the DEWR Labour Market Regions. A map of DEWR regions is included in the Technical Notes of this report. 
Reporting at a regional level is restricted to the main types of Job Network assistance and Work for the Dole.

Table 4.1 provides details of placements in Job Placement jobs and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.
The number of placements and commencements in the various types of labour market assistance will depend on the size of the region, labour market conditions and the relative disadvantage of job seekers in the region. 

Table 4.1: Commencements in labour market assistance by region: June 20071
DEWR Region	Job Search Support
(Number)	Job Placements
(Number)	Intensive Support
(Number)	Work for the Dole
(Number)	
Sydney	77,212	91,076	56,663	15,142	
Hunter and North Coast	29,110	44,424	29,934	11,107	
Illawarra and SE NSW	13,285	19,354	14,942	4,952	
Western NSW	12,852	24,885	13,888	3,163	
Riverina	5,613	11,057	5,359	1,411	
New South Wales	138,072	190,796	120,786	35,775	
Melbourne	74,657	98,725	60,148	13,587	
Eastern Victoria	10,355	20,707	9,896	3,285	
Western Victoria	16,896	30,554	16,564	5,434	
Victoria	101,908	149,986	86,608	22,306	
Brisbane	59,453	98,807	44,611	8,675	
Southern Queensland	13,307	19,983	14,634	4,133	
Central and Northern QLD	20,488	35,212	19,145	4,033	
Queensland	93,248	154,002	78,390	16,841	
Perth	20,250	36,957	17,605	2,635	
South Western Australia	4,951	8,820	3,941	880	
Greater Western Australia	7,183	7,292	10,264	637	
Western Australia	32,384	53,069	31,810	3,515	
Adelaide	24,316	46,251	21,785	5,484	
South Australia Country	10,612	18,076	11,025	3,092	
South Australia	34,928	64,327	32,810	8,576	
					
Tasmania	10,155	21,025	9,982	3,861	
					
Northern Territory	6,012	6,431	9,237	587	
					
Australian Capital Territory	4,087	5,933	2,567	614	
					
Australia	420,794	645,569	372,190	92,712	
1.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance and Work for the Dole from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Labour market assistance by region
Table 4.2 shows the proportion of Newstart and Youth Allowance (Other) recipients as at 30 June 2007 compared to the proportion of Job Network eligible Job Placements and commencements in Job Search Support, Intensive Support and Work for the Dole.  This is provided on a DEWR regional and State and Territory basis. 

Table 4.2: Comparison of labour market assistance by region year to end June 2007
DEWR Region	Newstart/ Youth Allowance (Other) recipients1
(%)	Job Search Support2
(%)	Intensive Support2
(%)	Work for 
the Dole2
(%)	
Sydney	17.0	18.3	15.2	16.3	
Hunter and North Coast	8.2	6.9	8.0	12.0	
Illawarra and SE NSW	3.5	3.2	4.0	5.3	
Western NSW	3.6	3.1	3.7	3.4	
Riverina	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	
New South Wales	33.7	32.8	32.5	38.6	
Melbourne	17.3	17.7	16.2	14.7	
Eastern Victoria	2.7	2.5	2.7	3.5	
Western Victoria	4.6	4.0	4.5	5.9	
Victoria	24.6	24.2	23.3	24.1	
Brisbane	11.4	14.1	12.0	9.4	
Southern Queensland	3.0	3.2	3.9	4.5	
Central and Northern QLD	4.5	4.9	5.1	4.4	
Queensland	18.9	22.2	21.1	18.2	
Perth	4.7	4.8	4.7	2.8	
South Western Australia	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.7	
Greater Western Australia	1.7	1.7	2.8	0.9	
Western Australia	7.5	7.7	8.5	3.8	
Adelaide	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.9	
South Australia Country	2.5	2.5	3.0	3.3	
South Australia	8.4	8.3	8.8	9.3	
					
Tasmania	3.4	2.4	2.7	4.2	
					
Northern Territory	2.6	1.4	2.5	0.6	
					
Australian Capital Territory	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.7	
					
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

1.	Job Seekers receiving Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) as at 30 June 2007.
2.	Commencements in Job Network employment assistance or Work for the Dole from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

Source: DEWR administrative systems.

Employment outcomes by region
Table 4.3 presents employment outcomes for job seekers who ceased assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.  Employment outcomes are for Job Placement, Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole.  Job Placement outcomes include both Fully Job Network Eligible and Job Search Support Only job seekers.  Outcomes are presented on a DEWR regional, State and Territory and national basis. 

Table 4.3:  Regional labour market post assistance employment outcomes year to end June 20071
DEWR Region	Job Placement2
(%)
	Intensive Support job search training3 (%)	Intensive Support customised assistance3 (%)	Intensive Support4
(%)	Work for 
the Dole3
(%)	
Sydney	69.6	44.8	38.4	45.4	29.8	
Hunter and North Coast	73.6	46.1	43.8	50.8	27.7	
Illawarra and SE NSW	80.3	46.9	45.3	56.0	33.1	
Western NSW	75.6	47.2	39.8	45.9	19.3	
Riverina	74.6	49.0	43.4	55.4	31.9	
New South Wales	73.1	45.8	40.9	48.6	28.9	
Melbourne	71.9	51.2	45.5	54.2	32.5	
Eastern Victoria	66.4	49.7	46.3	53.1	28.4	
Western Victoria	74.2	48.2	46.9	54.5	27.8	
Victoria	71.4	50.6	45.9	54.1	30.9	
Brisbane	75.6	58.8	52.0	60.9	40.0	
Southern Queensland	71.1	50.9	44.8	54.0	32.5	
Central and Northern QLD	74.1	56.3	45.6	54.3	35.0	
Queensland	74.7	57.3	48.8	58.1	37.2	
Perth	73.0	61.1	51.9	60.6	37.6	
South Western Australia	76.6	51.0	50.5	57.4	39.6	
Greater Western Australia	78.5	53.9	40.0	58.5	25.5	
Western Australia	74.5	58.4	48.8	59.9	36.2	
Adelaide	69.7	53.2	51.7	56.8	34.4	
South Australia Country	74.4	48.3	45.8	57.1	30.2	
South Australia	71.0	52.0	49.8	56.7	33.0	
						
Tasmania	72.6	49.2	47.8	48.5	27.7	
						
Northern Territory	79.7	49.8	31.1	35.4	27.1	
						
Australian Capital Territory	67.1	55.1	55.9	62.1	36.1	
	 	 	 	 	 	
Australia	73.0	50.8	45.1	51.1	31.6	
1.	Employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) after leaving labour market assistance.  
2.	Job Placement outcomes are for job seekers placed in an eligible Job Placement job between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.  For job seekers who achieved a Job Placement within three months of leaving labour market assistance such as Intensive Support job search training, Intensive Support customised assistance and Work for the Dole, the outcome is excluded from Job Placement but included under the programme or service they participated in.  
3.	Post assistance employment outcomes relate to job seekers who ceased Intensive Support customised assistance, Intensive Support job search training or Work for the Dole between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 30 June 2007.  
4.	Job seekers who commenced Intensive Support between 1 July 2003 and 31 March 2006 and left Intensive Support or were receiving Intensive Support assistance for 12, 24 or 36 months between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and outcomes achieved by 
30 June 2007.  
Source: The Post Programme Monitoring Survey conducted three months after job seekers cease assistance.

Section 5: Impact on Income Support Recipients

Number of income support recipients
An important goal of employment assistance is to reduce or remove employment barriers experienced by job seekers so they can compete effectively for jobs.  Higher levels of employment assistance are provided to the most disadvantaged job seekers. 
While this report focuses mainly on the outcomes achieved by individual forms of assistance, it is also important to note that other factors, such as administrative/policy changes and economic conditions, also have a significant impact on the number of income support recipients.
Figure 5.1 shows the changes over time in the number of working age allowance recipients.     There has been a fall in the number of allowee recipients over time, driven largely by a fall in the number of NewStart recipients.  Data on income support recipients show that in the 12 months to the end of June 2007, the number of people in receipt of Newstart or Youth Allowance (Other) decreased by around 29,000 to just over 520,000 job seekers.  The number of job seekers who were long-term recipients decreased by around 17,200 recipients while the number of short-term recipients decreased by around 11,700. 
On the other hand the number of Carer Pension and Disability Support Pension (DSP) recipients has risen over the period January 1998 to June 2007.
The number of Parenting Payment Partnered clients fell by around 65 per cent between July 2000 to June 2001.  This drop was largely due to the basic component of Parenting Payment Partnered being incorporated into Family Tax Benefit Part B.  Since July 2000 the number of Parenting Payment Partnered recipients has continued to fall.

Figure 5.1: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Figures quoted in the text are from the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations: “Labour Market and Related Payments a monthly profile, June 2007”.

  Source: Trend series based on data from DEWR administrative system.

Off-Benefit outcomes
The impact of assistance can also be assessed by examining the income support status of participants after they leave assistance.  
Figure 5.2 shows the off-benefit status of job seekers three and six months after they had exited employment assistance.  
Off-benefit outcomes are only measured for clients who were in receipt of Newstart and Youth Allowance (other) (i.e. activity tested beneficiaries) when they commenced their employment assistance placement.  Other clients on non-activity tested benefits have different allowable earnings thresholds and their inclusion has the potential to distort the results.  
The majority of job seekers who move off income support do so for employment, particularly full-time employment.  For most programmes, however, off-benefit outcomes levels are generally slightly lower than employment outcomes levels.  This reflects the fact that three months after exiting an employment assistance placement the proportion of people in part-time work who remain on benefits is somewhat larger than the proportion that have moved off income support for reasons other than employment (e.g. leaving the labour market).  
Three month off-benefit outcomes tend to mirror what is found in relation to employment outcomes, with those programmes that achieve high employment outcomes achieving high three months off-benefit outcomes. Those that achieve high off-benefit outcomes at three months experience little change at the six month mark.  This indicates that for these programmes the benefits happen relatively shortly after completing the programme.   
For other programmes, particularly those targeted at the more disadvantaged, it is evident that there is a substantial rise in off-benefit levels between three and six months after leaving assistance.  This indicates that the benefits of the programme participation tend to take longer to materialise for the job seeker.  Notwithstanding this longer lead time, strong off-benefit outcomes are achieved for most programmes.  
Off-benefit outcomes for Intensive Support are particularly strong.  Over half of the in-scope Intensive Support population were off Newstart Allowance/Youth Allowance (other) six months after they became in-scope.  

Figure 5.2: has been removed and replaced with a description of the image to ensure that the information is available to people with various information accessibility needs. The image is included in the PDF version of this publication

1.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2007 and were not on income support three months later.
2.	Job seekers who left assistance between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2006 and were not on income support six months later.  

Technical Notes

Data sources, sampling, further assistance and survey results
Data Sources
The department uses a number of data sources to determine the outcomes achieved by job seekers during and after they have ceased labour market assistance.  The two main data sources are the Post Programme Monitoring (PPM) survey and the department’s administrative database held within the Integrated Employment System (IES).
PPM surveys have been undertaken since 1987 and are used to assess the labour force and education status of former programme participants three months after they exit assistance.  The IES records details of placements, commencements and paid outcomes for labour market assistance.
Survey Sampling
With the introduction of the Active Participation Model (APM) in July 2003 the PPM methodology was subjected to revision.  Prior to the APM, a full enumeration of clients exiting programmes and not in further assistance was attempted (with the exception of Intensive Assistance and Job Matching which were based on 25% samples).
From July 2003 onwards, the PPM survey uses a sampling approach to assess the performance of all employment assistance.  For all programmes except Job Placement, a 25% sample of clients in the following categories is undertaken:
a) clients found to be on full-rate of Newstart or Youth Allowance(Other) and/or in a subsequent programme placement (also known as ‘further assistance’) at the time they are due to be surveyed;
b) clients who achieved a 13 week payable outcome after receiving assistance under Intensive Support; and
c) clients who have reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in Intensive Support (IS) without exiting.
The PPM outcome of clients in category (b) is recorded as employed or in education based on the type of payable outcome they achieved.  These clients are only surveyed to obtain supplementary information about their labour force and education status.  A full enumeration of clients not in categories a, b, or c is attempted.
For clients who were placed in a job through Job Placement, a survey of 25% of clients is undertaken.

Further Assistance
A client is defined as being in further assistance if, at the time they are due to be surveyed, the client is found to have commenced a subsequent placement.  Intensive Support itself is not counted as further assistance unless the client moves between providers for whatever reason.
As outlined previously, a 25% sample of clients found to be in further assistance is currently included in the survey.  Prior to the commencement of the APM, clients in further assistance were not surveyed and their outcomes were simply recorded as ‘in further assistance’.  While these clients may have potentially been either in a part time job and/or in education, these outcomes were not captured as these clients were not surveyed.  Under the new sampling methodology these outcomes can now be recorded.
The impact on PPM results of surveying job seekers in further assistance will vary amongst the programmes.  Programmes such as TTW and NEIS will see little impact on their outcomes results given that few of their participants proceeded to further assistance.  For other programs, the impacts will vary, but any variations will generally be modest.
Comparisons with pre-APM outcomes
In addition to the limitations outlined above in the ‘Further Assistance’ section, care should also be taken when comparing outcomes achieved for services delivered under the APM with outcomes for similar pre-APM Job Network services.  This is because similar types of assistance (eg Intensive Assistance delivered under ESC rounds 1 and 2, and Intensive Support customised assistance delivered under the APM), will have differences in client mix and the type, and way, in which services are delivered to clients.
Intensive Support population
The population used for the calculation of IS outcomes includes those clients who, in any given reporting period first: a) exited IS, b) began a 13 week period leading to an outcome or intermediate payment; or c) reached 12, 24 or 36 months participation in IS without exiting.
Clients are surveyed after 12, 24 and 36 months participation to avoid potential biases in the calculation of outcomes results.  If these clients were not surveyed as they progressed through IS, outcomes would be overstated as those not achieving outcomes would remain in assistance and not enter the survey.  From the December 2005 quarter onwards, outcomes are reported for the Intensive Support population as a whole as well as being broken down to the 12 and 24 month sub samples.  
In addition, if a client is due to be surveyed during /after their participation in IS, or after participating in ISca or ISjst, and is found to have been surveyed in the last 3 months, then their outcome will be set to the outcome (if it is known) that was obtained when they were surveyed previously.
Survey results
Aside from IS, ISjst and ISca, where PPM results are based on a combination of survey responses and payable outcomes data, all outcome estimates are based on survey responses.  The overall response rate for the PPM survey, at around 60%, provides outcomes estimates that are generally accurate to within plus or minus 1 percentage point at the National level.

Labour Market Assistance Descriptions
Intensive Support stream:  provides individually tailored assistance for up to 42 months for eligible job seekers.  Access to assistance through Intensive Support is immediately at registration for those job seekers identified as highly disadvantaged with the remainder having access to assistance after three months of unemployment.  Under Intensive Support a job seeker can have access to the general Intensive Support assistance, Intensive Support job search training and/or Intensive Support customised assistance.
Intensive Support (IS):  assistance will be provided during periods between ISjst, ISmo and ISca.  During these periods, job seekers will continue to have access to job search assistance and facilities at their Job Network member site, guidance in relation to job search and the regular updating of their vocational profile.  
Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca):  provides for six months of assistance tailored to the jobseekers’ individual needs and to available jobs opportunities.  Job seekers who are most disadvantaged (as determined by their JSCI score) receive immediate access to ISca.  Other job seekers will be eligible to receive ISca assistance after 12 months of unemployment.  
Intensive Support job search training (ISjst):  provides training for up to 100 hours (over three weeks) in job search techniques and job application skills to give unemployed people the skills and confidence to improve their job search skills, motivation and expand their job search networks.  Mature age and Indigenous job seekers have immediate access to ISjst on registration for unemployment allowance.  
Intensive Support mutual obligation (ISmo):  occurs at the same time that a job seeker’s ordinary mutual obligation requirements commence.  The objective of Job Network services during these periods is to ensure that job seekers continue to be actively engaged in job search activities and improving their job prospects.  
Job Placement services refer suitable job seekers to vacancies and canvass and list job vacancies on the Australian Job Search database.  DEWR licensed 
recruitment agencies, Job Placement Organisation (JPOs), are in a position to provide Job Placement service to eligible job seekers. Job Network members are licensed as JPOs. 
New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS): provides support and training for eligible job seekers who wish to pursue the option of self-employment. 
Indigenous Employment Programme: replaced the Training for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders Programme (TAP) and has several components. It includes Wage Assistance which is a wage subsidy paid to employers over 26 weeks providing on-going employment. In Structured Training and Employment Projects (STEP), employers in the private sector and regional and community based employment sponsor organisations provide jobs, generally involving accredited training or a traineeship. 
Indigenous Employment Centres: help Community Development Employment Project participants find employment.
Work for the Dole: provides assistance for job seekers to develop work habits, generic work skills and work experience by participating in community projects and activities for up to 26 weeks over a 12 month period.
Community Work placements: assist job seekers to gain skills and work experience and provides access to additional benefits such as Training Credits and Passport to Employment after participating in voluntary work for a specified number of hours. 
Transition to Work Programme: helps job seekers who are parents, carers and mature age people 50 years and over entering the workforce for the first time or returning to the workforce after an absence of 2 years or more. 
Training accounts: help mature age and indigenous job seekers who participate in Intensive Support or Indigenous Employment Centres improve their employment prospects through the provision of training. 
Training Credits: provide job seekers who participate in a Work for the Dole or Community Work Placement for between 16 and 26 weeks with a training credit which can be used to pay for additional training.

General Definitions
AJS, Australian JobSearch (http://jobsearch.gov.au): lists all job vacancies notified to the Job Network and provides contact details for Job Network members.  It is available in Centrelink and at Job Network member offices and through the DEWR Internet site (http://www.workplace.gov.au).
Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) is a programme aimed at providing activities that; improve participants employability, develop business opportunities and contribute to community needs.  The overall aim is to support Indigenous Australians achieve economic independence.  Positive and employment outcomes exclude Indigenous job seekers who return to a CDEP after leaving labour market assistance. 
Community Work Coordinators: are contracted to develop Community Work placements and Work for the Dole projects/activities and manage the placement of eligible job seekers into those projects/activities.
Educational attainment: refers to the highest educational level completed by job seekers. 
Eligible vacancy: is a job vacancy listed on the Australian Job Search database that is eligible for a payment under Job Network.
Further assistance: includes job seekers who proceed to another DEWR or DEST funded employment programme or service within three months of exiting employment assistance. It includes commencements in Intensive Support job search training (ISjst), Intensive Support customised assistance (ISca), New Apprenticeships, NEIS, Work for the Dole, Green Corps, Advanced English for Migrants Programme (AEMP) and the STEP and Wage Assistance components of the Indigenous Employment Policy.  A job seeker who is in the general Intensive Support or Job Search Support streams of assistance are not regarded as being in further assistance.  
Income support recipients: includes job seekers registered with Centrelink as unemployed and in receipt of Newstart Allowance (NSA) or job seekers aged 15 to 24 not in full-time education and in receipt of Youth Allowance (Other) (YA). 

Job Search Support Only (JSSO): refers to those job seekers, irrespective of their income support status, who are eligible for only Job Search Support services and no other form of Job Network services.  JSSO job seekers can renew their registration as unemployed every three months with either Centrelink or their Job Network member. 
Job placements: include placements provided under Job Search Support and job placements under Intensive Support customised assistance.
Fully Job Network Eligible (FJNE): refers to those job seekers who are eligible to receive the full suite of Job Network services.  Any unemployed person receiving Newstart Allowance or Youth Allowance (Other) or another form of qualifying income support payment and young people not in full-time study irrespective of income support are eligible for Job Network assistance.  CDEP participants are also eligible for Job Network services.
Job Seeker Classification Instrument (JSCI): a measurement of a job seeker’s relative disadvantage in obtaining employment – because of their personal circumstance and labour market skills – and is used to determine the level of labour market assistance required. 
People from Culturally And Linguistic Diverse backgrounds (CALD): refers to people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds, where the main language spoken is not English.
Work for the Dole (WfD) commencement: involves a job seeker participating in a WfD activity for up to six months over a 12-month period.  This means that job seekers can participate in a number of different WfD projects and with different CWCs before completing their placement.  Each time a job seeker starts with a CWC, a new commencement is recorded.
Work for the Dole exit: for the purposes of PPM, occurs when a job seeker has a break between CWC placements of more than 3 months and in relation to their last CWC placement in the 12 month period.  Clients exiting WfD will be subsequently surveyed. 

Regional Coverage
Regions used in this report are based on the 19 labour market regions used in contracting for DEWR programmes and services.

DEWR labour market regions

Perth
Southern WA
Greater WA
Northern Teritory
SA Country
Adelaide
Central and Northern QLD
Southern QLD
Brisbane
Western NSW
Hunter and North Coast
Sydney
ACT
Riverina
Illawarra and South East NSW
Eastern Victoria
Melbourne
Western Victoria
Tasmania